Background:The acute effects of cigarette smoking in smokers include dyslipidemia and impaired insulin action that leads to abnormal glucose metabolism. Both dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are well-established major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aims & Objective:To ascertain the prevalence of several degrees of glucose abnormalities in smokers and to assess the impact of active tobacco smoking on lipids profile in adult male population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with one hundred and fifty two active adult male smokers defined by persons smoking cigarettes over 2 pack years and fifty age and Body Mass Index (BMI) matched healthy control. Smokers were classified into mild to moderate (Group I) and severe (Group II) based on the number of pack years as 2 -10 and more than 10 respectively. Glucose tolerance was assessed according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and standard methods were adopted to check the lipid levels. Data analyses were performed with the SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Results: An abnormal glucose metabolism was diagnosed in 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.4%-71.6%) of the smokers. The mean HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) in smokers was 6.8 + 3.1. Decreasing glucose tolerance was associated with insulin resistance i.e. from normal glucose tolerance condition through IGT, IFG to diabetic, the HOMA IR progressively increased (4.9 + 2.1, 6.7 + 4.2, 7.4 + 3.1 and 8.9 + 3.7 respectively). Atherogenic index as indicated by total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly elevated in both the smoker groups as compared to non-smokers. According to the Adult Treatment Program III criteria, the metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 44.07% (95% CI, 35.9%-47.3%) of the smokers. In fact only 10 participants (6%, 95% CI, 5.4% -7.1%) showed good control of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Abnormalities in lipid profile and glucose tolerance are directly correlated with smoking pack years in this study. Intense education program about adverse health events of smoking should be under taken through all means.

Covid ‘19 is a pandemic disease, spread all over the world. Covid ‘19 was first detected in Wuhan, China and it was first reported to the WHO country office on 31st December 2019. Covid ‘19 was spread through Corona Virus, this virus initially infected the respiratory tract than to lungs. In the beginning, Covid ‘19 was suspected to spread only with community transformation, later it was assumed that it is an airborne, waterborne, and community transformation disease. Recent clinical research reveals that Corona virus causing mutations and point mutations, still cause is unknown. Covid ‘19 is unstable in the living body, once coronavirus is found positive to a person involving in multiple complications in the body such as cardiovascular dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and other complications in the body. Different Hospitals have shown that when a person was infected with Covid ‘19 that person was severe for breathing problem and collapsing with unknown cause. The affected person's life span was only 48 to 72 hours. The researcher scientists, clinicians are day-night trying to take any suitable solution to control and cure Covid ‘19. Covid ‘19 patients are found changes in their routine life. There is a change in their metabolic functions. There is a change in their physics and also in their Biochemical and Molecular parameters. Mostly their Protein synthesis and coagulation profiles are involved in Covid ’19. The present study is aimed to investigate the value of D- Dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, C – Reactive Protein, Prothrombin Time, activate partial prothrombin time are the significant indicators of suspected COVID ’19 - Patients.