No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

In an electric power grid, Load-Frequency Control (LFC) plays a crucial role as it aims to maintain the system frequency at a nominal value, 50 or 60 Hz, by minimizing the effects of load changes. However, a modern power system is currently characterized by a huge number of nonlinearities and uncertainties, making control methodologies much more challenging. Among them, the nonlinear features of Governor Dead-Band (GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) strongly affect the accuracy and performance of LFC applied to a power network. This study focused on designing an applicable and efficient LFC by proposing a novel Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) scheme. The traditional SMC can successfully solve several nonlinear control problems, and in case of having a reasonable adjustment, it is completely suitable to design the LFC strategy. The modified SMC, integrated with an effective optimization technique, i.e., Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), can dramatically improve the performance of LFC. This paper presents numerical simulation results implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.