No abstract

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.

Background:A positive birth experience for women is related to active support systems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the birth perceptions of primiparous women after having interactions with women who had positive birth experiences.Methods:Of the pregnant women who applied to the non-stress test (NST) service at the XXX Hospital between the dates of June 18 and July 18, 2018, 60 pregnant women who met the criteria voluntarily participated in this study. These women were placed into two groups. The first group was given a sound recording to hear positive birth stories. No intervention was made for the 30 pregnant women in the second group. A questionnaire including the Perception of Birth Scale (POBS) was applied to these 60 puerperant women after birth. The data were analyzed with the SPSS software package. Percentage, frequency values and Mann-Whitney U test values were used to evaluate the data.Results: The average age of the women was 23.51±3.47 years. Of these, 43.3% of the women had received no training before birth, while 56.7% had obtained training. The POBS scores of the control and experimental groups were compared and the total score of the scale, as well as the “delivery experience” and “labor experience” sub-dimensions of the scale were found to be statistically significant (p<0.005).Conclusions:Stories about positive birth experiences have effects on the perception of birth. Thus, positive birth experiences should be given more importance.

Background: Social isolation (SI) early in life produces behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. On the contrary, environmental enrichment (EE) offers beneficial effects on brain plasticity and development. This study was designed to examine how EE affects memory functions, anxiety level, and the expression levels of memory/anxiety-related genes such as NR2A, NR2B, BDNF, and cFos in the hippocampus of socially isolated rats.Materials and Methods: Wistar albino male rats (n = 40) were separated into the five groups: Standard cage (SC), SI, EE, SI + SC, and SI + EE group. For each group, eight rats were housed, either grouped or isolated, in a standard or 3-week EE, respectively. Morris water maze test (MWMT) was used for measuring the learning and memory function. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) were used for the evaluation of anxiety behavior. Blood corticosterone level was evaluated by the ELISA method. The expression levels of genes were measured by the RT-PCR method.Results: Results showed that EE increased memory performance in the SI group (p < 0.05). SI caused anxiety while EE improved anxiety behavior (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in the OF test. Corticosterone levels did not change between groups. BDNF expression level was downregulated in EE and SI + SC compared with the SC group (respectively; p = 0.012; p = 0.011). NR2A, NR2B, and cFos expression levels did not change between groups significantly.Conclusions: SI impaired memory performance while EE has beneficial effects on memory in socially isolated rats. EE alone was insufficient to cause alterations in the memory performance. The therapeutic effects of EE became strengthened while applied together with stress protocol. Together with improving the effectiveness of memory function, EE has the potential to decrease anxiety behavior. EE seemed to be the reason for decreasing in BDNF.

Increasing use of internet has led the marketing strategies to be carried out on internet environment too. As a result of people transferring their experiences to each other the term of word of mouth marketing and through Internet, the term of viral marketing have gained importance, and their effects have been the topics studied on which both in marketing literature and practice. The aim of this study is to confirm the impact of the viral marketing on consumer behaviours. In this contex, the the data collected from 385 people living in İstanbul aged 18 and over have been analyzed. According to the findings obtained by the analysis, it has been determined that the respondents participated in all judgements about viral marketing practices and the effect of viral marketing occurred on consumers' purchasing behavior without discrimination of gender and age.