In this review of the literature, we first delineated what technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is and then laid out its origins and development in physics education. By providing detailed information on what teachers/instructors need to know and what they can do to incorporate technology into their teaching experiences, we summarized the main issues in the TPACK framework literature and technology integration in teaching. We delineated the rationale of the TPACK theoretical framework and its main assumptions; explained existing different TPACK models developed through its short history and the impact of this framework on teacher development and initial teacher training; explained the place of TPACK in mandates and standards and its impact on student achievement. Lastly, we reviewed the research that dealt with TPACK in physics education and provided an analysis of the gaps in the literature and implications for further research.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, dönüştürücü öğrenme teorisinin temel alındığı teknolojinin fen derslerine entegrasyonunu hedefleyen eğitim içeriğinin, öğretmen adaylarının dönüşümüne etkisini araştırmaktır. Katılımcılar, bir büyükşehir üniversitesinde dördüncü sınıfta eğitim görmekte olan dört fen bilgisi öğretmen adayıdır. Öğretmen adaylarının teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgilerini geliştirebilmeleri için dönüştürücü öğrenme modeli esas alınarak bir eğitim içeriği oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama araçları şunlardır: öğrenme aktiviteleri anketi üzerine görüşme, öğrenci takip formu ve elde edilen kaynaklar ve etkileri üzerine şekil üzerinde gösterim yapma. Araştırmada katılımcıların bakış açısı dönüşümlerini ayrıntılı ve derinlemesine inceleme olanağı vermesi nedeniyle çoklu durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin içerik analizi MAXQDA 2018 programında yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda katılımcılar, aldıkları eğitimin teknolojinin entegrasyonu hakkında kendilerinde değişim/dönüşüm sağladığını ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılar kendilerindeki dönüşümü etkileyen ilk iki sıradaki kaynakları: ders anlatma deneyimleri, ders anlatımlarını izleme ve değerlendirme, araştırma ödevleri ve sınıf içi tartışmalar olarak belirtmişlerdir. Eğitim içeriğinde yer alan etkinliklerin katılımcıların dönüşümlerine etkisinin; teknolojinin nasıl entegre edileceğini öğrenme, farklı teknolojik uygulamaları öğrenme, teknoloji entegrasyonu hakkında farkındalık oluşturma, eksik yönleri hakkında düşünme ve değerlendirme ve son olarak bilgi/deneyim edinme şeklinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The competences expected from teachers are described in several international reports. An investigation of teacher competences has a potential to analyze and delineate the current situation. Assessment of any construct necessitates utilization of appropriate scales with established validity and reliability. Currently available validated digital competence scales have examined digital competences of citizens, teachers, students, but most are based on only one digital competence framework. In this study a valid, reliable, and comprehensive scale entitled “Teachers’ Digital Competence Scale” (TDiCoS) for teachers of different subjects has been obtained by relying on standards/policy reports from several countries. TDiCoS items measure teachers' self-assessment and report of their use of digital technologies in their classrooms. TDiCoS was validated on a sample of 288 in-service teachers. In the final form TDiCoS is unidimensional and composed of 19 items. The model fit criteria, factor loadings, internal validity, and reliability of TDiCoS were examined and found to be good. Hence, it can inform design of new policies and teacher professional development programs targeting digital competences.
The purpose of this study is to develop a tool for prospective science teachers to elicit their beliefs about science teaching and learning, and goals or purposes of science teaching. We used the card sorting activity developed by Friedrichsen and Dana (2003). We took expert opinions for the produced scenarios. We conducted piloted card sorting activity first. Then, we prepared the final form of 16 scenario texts about electricity unit. We conducted this activity with ten junior prospective teachers. We used MAXQDA 2018 program to analyze the conversations of prospective teachers. The data revealed that most of the prospective teachers taught science in order to teach scientific knowledge. In addition, we found that prospective teachers who want to integrate technology into their teaching practices held mostly transitional and responsive orientations. As a result, we were able to demonstrate that this activity could be used to elicit prospective teachers' beliefs about science teaching and learning, and beliefs about goals or purposes of science teaching in technology integrated environments.
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