The current study was carried out to estimate the physicochemical properties, microbial quality, and adulteration pattern of cow and buffalo raw milk collected from different organized dairy farms in Varanasi, India. Raw milk samples were analyzed and found that the cow's raw milk constituents i.e. the per cent of lactose (4.31) was significantly (P<0.05) different whereas fat (3.76), protein (3.37) solid not-fat (8.51), and specific gravity (1.028) were observed non-significant among collected samples. However, the percent of fat (6.63), protein (4.17), and specific gravity (1.029) were recorded significantly (P<0.05) different but the average percentage of lactose (4.81) and solid not-fat (8.95) was noted non-significantly different in the raw milk of buffalo. All raw milk samples were of good quality grades as determined by the MBRT test. The microbial count confirmed the presence of significantly (P<0.05) low microbial load in all cow (3.53 log CFU/ml) as well as in buffalo raw milk (3.46 log CFU/ml) samples. In adulterations analysis; all raw milk samples were free from water, starch, cane sugar, and glucose. Besides different hazardous chemical adulterants, all raw milk samples were free from urea, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium, and nitrates.

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The present investigation was conducted to assess the presence of adulterants and contaminants in market milk and raw milk around Varanasi city from branded, organized dairy farms and traditional vendors. The trial work has been approved out during the period of 1 February 2019 to 20 May 2019. Four milk samples were collected from each branded, organized dairy farm and traditional vendors milk centers 250-and 500-ml. quantity was collected and decontaminated throwaway plastic bottles with screw cap and each bottle was coded. The bottles were filled in ice box and proximately ecstatic to further testing. Samples were collected randomly encompassing Varanasi city. Out of 168 th milk samples, 44.04% milk samples were found with water, 4.16% with urea, 22.02% with starch, 36.30% with sugar, 11.30% with glucose, 26.78% with salt and 7.38% with neutralizers. This study was conducted to know the extent of adulteration found in traditional vendors milk than organized dairy farm and branded milk samples. In this research, no adulteration was found in branded milk samples. But adulteration was found in traditional vendors and organized dairy farm milk samples. Branded milk was found in good quality for human health. The traditional vendors and organize dairy farm lack of suitable technical and educational information causes inferior quality of milk and indigenous milk especially in unorganized sector these are the main reasons for deterioration of milk. Also, the demand for the value-added milk is continuously increasing because of consumer awareness about health and nutrition. So, it is important to ensure the consumer about the quality, health and nutrition claims of such milk. This can be achieved by rapid analytical methods and techniques Research.