BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are approaching adolescence and young adulthood; interventions to assist these individuals with vocational skills are not well understood. This study systematically reviewed evidence regarding vocational interventions for individuals with ASD between the ages of 13 and 30 years. METHODS:The Medline, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases (1980-December 2011) and reference lists of included articles were searched. Two reviewers independently assessed each study against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding participant and intervention characteristics, assessment techniques, and outcomes, and assigned overall quality and strength of evidence ratings based on predetermined criteria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although many treatments have been studied in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), less attention has focused on interventions that may be helpful in adolescents and young adults with ASD. The goal of this study was to systematically review evidence regarding medication treatments for individuals between the ages of 13 and 30 years with ASD. METHODS:The Medline, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases were searched (1980( -December 2011, as were reference lists of included articles. Two investigators independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two investigators independently extracted data regarding participant and intervention characteristics, assessment techniques, and outcomes and assigned overall quality and strength of evidence ratings on the basis of predetermined criteria.RESULTS: Eight studies of medications were identified that focused on 13-to 30-year-olds with ASD; 4 of the studies were of fair quality. The strength of evidence was insufficient for all outcomes associated with medications tested in this population; however, the 2 available studies of the atypical antipsychotic medication risperidone in this age range were consistent with the moderate evidence in children with ASD for treating problem behavior, including aggression, and high strength of evidence for adverse events, including sedation and weight gain. CONCLUSIONS:There is a marked lack of data on use of medication treatments for adolescents and young adults with ASD. The evidence on the use of risperidone in this age range is insufficient when considered alone but is consistent with the data in the population of children with ASD. Pediatrics 2012;130:717-726

This paper describes the software architecture and the initial algorithms that have Proved to be effective for a real time robot planning system-The architecture is designed to incorporate Planning technology from research on artificial intelligence while at the Same time supporting the high Performance decision making needed to control a fast-moving autonomous vehicle. The symbolic representation of the vehicle's plan is a key element in this architecture. Our initial algorithms use an especially efficient version of dynamic programming to find the best routes. The route is then translated into a symbolic plan. Replanning happens at several levels with the cost of replanning proportionate to the scope of the changes. This software is currently running in an environment which simulates the vehicle and PercePtion systems, but it will be transferred to the DARPA Autonomous Land Vehicle built by Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace [LOwrie 861.

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