Background: Gingival tissue and periodontal ligament act as sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that play a vital role in periodontal regeneration, but they both have limitations for cell availability. MSCs cultivated and expanded in various media formulations could be used as a basis for the development of cell therapy protocols. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the optimum culture media formulation for cultivation and expansion of human gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods: The hGMSCs and hPDLSCs were obtained from gingival tissue and periodontal ligament specimens from an adult patient. The two different culture media formulations used were: 1) α-minimum essential media (α-MEM) supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100mg/mL streptomycin and 2.5 µg/mL amphotericin B; and 2) Dulbecco’s minimum essential media-Low Glucose (DMEM-LG) supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mMol/L L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100mg/mL streptomycin and 2.5 µg/mL amphotericin B. The minced-gingival tissue and periodontal ligament samples were seeded in 3 cm tissue culture dishes with one of two experimental culture media, and incubated at 37oC in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Results: Cell morphology was observed on days two and five of the third passage. The gingival tissue and periodontal ligament primary cells exhibited fibroblast-like morphology, long processes and were spindle-shaped. The hPDLSCs grown in α-MEM exhibited a significant increase in cell viability and proliferation rate compared to the hPDLSCs grown in DMEM-LG. However, hGMSCs displayed similar cell viability and proliferation rate on both types of experimental media. Both the hGMSCs and hPDLSCs expressed MSC markers, including CD105, CD146, and CD90, but did not express CD45. Conclusion: Culture media formulations of α-MEM and DMEM-LG can be used for the cultivation and expansion of both hGMSCs and hPDLSCs.

Healthy living behavior training is an effort to empower students of SLB Negeri Jember. The implementation of the training has been designed according to the abilities of the students. This activity has implemented the concept of improving life skills so that students are prevented from various diseases and are able to live healthy independently. The implementation method is as follows: 1) counseling and training on healthy living behavior and brushing teeth properly; 2) general health and oral health examinations; and 3) revitalization of School Health Unit through training of Student Health Cadres. Activities are equipped with modules and health examination record books. Activity evaluation procedures include: 1) re-examination of general health status; 2) re-examination of oral health status; and 3) supervision one month after program implementation. At the end of the activity, the students are able to wash their hands and brush their teeth properly and independently. Student Health Cadres are able to take measurements of height, weight, and body temperature. The general health profile of students is quite good, but their oral health is still poor and requires treatment from health workers.