Tuberculosis developed differently in each individual. The role of HIV in the disease development is widely known unlike the role of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection. Therefore, this study is aimed at to describe the role of those co-infections in the TB development. The study employed observational – case control design with two groups, case and control group. Data collection include TB condition, whether latent or manifest, and history of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C co-infection. The study successfully recruited the total of 32 respondents in each group. At the case group, the number of male and respondent is 19 and 13. Meanwhile, at the control group the number male respondent is 10 and the female respondent is 22. The study found that 20 and 12 respondents were positive Hepatitis B at the case and the control group. Chi-square test resulted significant different between two groups (P=0.0455 and a =0.05) with odd ratio p=0.479. Meanwhile, the study only tested one respondent with positive Hepatitis C at case group and one at control group. Comparison analysis found no significant different between groups (P=1 and a =0.05). This study reveals that TB patients are more likely to have history of Hepatitis B 2.7 times than those at the control group with the same infection but without TB development. Therefore, the possibility of Hepatitis B co-infection has role in the TB manifestation, but not for Hepatitis C co-infection.

Background: Post-stroke depression is one of the psychological disorders that is often experienced by post-stroke patients. Depression is more than just sadness. People with post-stroke depression will experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities, weight loss or excessive sleep, lack of energy, inability to concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or guilt and recurring thoughts of death or suicide. Based on several types of post-stroke depression management, psychosocial interventions have been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing post-stroke depression. One of the interventions to reduce post-stroke depression is cognitive behavioral therapy. Objective: This scoping review aims to identify the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce depression in post-stroke patients. Design: This study used a scoping review through a review of articles on cognitive behavioral therapy that has been used to reduce depression in post-stroke patients. Data Sources: Search for articles accessed through a database, including: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic search ultimate, PubMed, and google scholar with a range of search years 2011-2020. Review Methods: Quality appraisal assessment for each selected study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for scoping review (PRISMA) method. Results: The results of this literature review show that cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce depression in post-stroke patients can change thoughts, feelings and behaviors to influence each other. The relationship between thoughts, feelings and behavior greatly influences respondents in dealing with post-stroke conditions with a positive way of thinking so that it will accelerate or help the post-stroke recovery process. The way to implement cognitive behavioral therapy is to be given as many as 12 sessions in 25-35 minutes each session. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be done in a hospital and has a significant post-stroke depression rate with p <0.01. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be given as an intervention to reduce depression in post-stroke patients including cognitive behavioral therapy, duration of cognitive behavioral therapy and sessions in cognitive behavioral therapy.   Keywords: Cognitive behavioral therapy, post stroke depression.