<p>The using of bioindikator lately become more important with the main function is to describe the existence of relevancy with biotic factor condition and abiotic area. Land fauna is enough as land indicator because it has sensitive respond to land and climate management practice, having good correlation to the land characteristic that benefits and the ecology function can describe causal chain that connects land management decision to the last productivity and plant and animal health. This research has purpose to identify kind of land fauna found in Bromo Tengger Semeru national park, analyse kinds of land fauna and analyse land fauna that can be used as land bioindikator with high sulphur standard.</p> <p>The   research   uses   exploration   method,   that   arrange   land   fauna observation Bromo Tengger Semeru national park and taking land sample to be analyzed in laboratory. Taking sample location in Bromo, Jemplang area (near Bromo mountain). In each location is being observed to land fauna with plot 1 X 1 m, as many as 10 plots. Land fauna found in each plots is noted about genre and amount. The sample of the land is taken, then brought to the laboratory and analyzed to find out the content of pH land, S land, organic material and C/N land.</p> <p>The result of this research shows that land fauna found in Bromo Tengger Semeru national park are 10 ordo, contained 29 family. Land fauna diversity in Bromo mountain is in lower area if it is compared with other area, with index</p> 2.07 variety. Jemplang area has index variety 2.35 and Penanjakan area has index the highest fauna diversity, that is 2.73. Bromo mountain area has total sulphur  74,683  mg/1000g  land  and  it  is  the  area of  research within  highest sulphur. Land fauna used as land bioindicator within highest sulphur is ordo Brachyderinae   for   indicator   the   existence   fauna   and   Mesoveliidae   for bioindicator the inexistence of fauna.

The objectives of this study are to determine community structure, abundance and diversity of soil arthropods which potential as the bioindicator of soil quality, and analyze the correlation between chemical parameters of the environmental factor on the abundance of soil arthropods. This study was conducted at the conventional and semi-organic Apple Farm, Bumiaji, Batu, East Java Province, Indonesia, from April to September 2017. Soil Arthropods sample has been taken from three different zones of Apple Farm soil which divided into ten sampling stations. Shannon (H’), Margalef, Evenness and Indicator Value (IndVal) Index were applied to determine the diversity of soil Arthropods. Whereas, the correlation between soil environmental factors and abundance of soil Arthropods were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis included Principal Component Analysis (PCA), similarities, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The total of soil Arthropods belonging to 22 genera, 12 families, and six orders genera, had been identified, with Lepidocyrtus were considered as the most abundant of Genus. Nevertheless, diversity of soil Arthropods in the semi-organic farm were higher than conventional farm ones, this related to soil chemical properties which included pH, C, N, C/N ratio, P, K and other organic matters. Based on indicator value indicated that Euborellia Genus from Apple conventional farm, and Brachymyrmex and Homidia Genus from Apple semi-organic farm was considered as the potential bioindicator of soil quality.

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Insects have great potential to be used as soil bioindicators. The research aims to analyze abundance and diversity of soil insects genus and determine the soil insects genus that have potential as soil quality bioindicators in citrus plantations. The study was conducted in conventional and semiorganic citrus plantations in Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency. The research used pitfall trap and hand sorted methods. Data were analyzed to find out diversity index, Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Indicator Value Index. The data analysis used PAST program version 3.15 and software R. The research results were obtained 20 genus of soil insects. The highest abundance of soil insects is occupied by the genus Aphaenogaster. The diversity of soil insects in semiorganic citrus plantations is higher than conventional citrus plantations. The soils insects that have potential as bioindicators of soil quality in conventional citrus plantations is the genus Formica, while in the semiorganic citrus plantations are the genus Cyrtepistomus, Pangeus, Tenebrio, Euborellia, Allonemobius, Stelidota, Gryllus and Chlaenius.