Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal bp; present taken as ad 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal bp)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bp at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.

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Study on agriculture resource development and poverty in the country border regions were rarely found. This paper investigates the strategic program in increasing agricultural production for poverty alleviation of smallholders and reducing agriculture resource conflict, by employing Interpretative Structural Modeling. The results show that, strengthening institutional management of agriculture local resource potential should be more focused on institutions in the border regions (districts level) to avoid resource conflict in agriculture. Among the 10 strategic programs was revealed, there are three programs to encourage agricultural development and help poverty reduction in borders region. They are (1) the application of primary product processing techniques (for the farmers), (2) secondary product processing techniques for downstream (for industries), and (3) price policy improvement in borders local market (for the government). These three programs are the driving force for agricultural development in help rural poverty alleviation. In addition, local community needs more social supports and public services improvement in the border region.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia began to be confirmed in early February 2020, it affects many various economic sectors, including agriculture. The COVID-19 created challenges for socio-economic issues. This short note focuses on the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the agricultural sector. The COVID-19 outbreak had a wide-ranging impact, so that agricultural commodities continued to decline. The government's call to not leave the house resulted in many farmers not doing their activities so that it has an impact on declining farmers' income. The field officers also could not optimally carry out their work as a result the development of farming was not optimal. Various efforts have been made by the government to support the agricultural sector such as building e-marketing and training in processing yields for farmers.