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Latar Belakang   : Dislipidemia sebagai faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan suatu keadaan yang ditandai dengan peningkatan konsentrasi kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), dan trigliserida serta penurunan konsentrasi kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) dari batas normal. Parameter paling akurat dalam memprediksi penyakit tersebut adalah perbandingan nilai kolesterol LDL dan HDL yang disebut rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL. Pengendalian dislipidemia dapat dilakukan melalui modifikasi diet, salah satunya dengan meningkatkan konsumsi makanan sumber efek hipolipidemik. Biji pepaya merupakan biji yang memiliki efek hipolipidemia dan antioksidan melalui zat fitokimia yang dikandungnya meliputi flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian jus biji pepaya terhadap rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL tikus Sprague Dawley dislipidemia.Hasil : Pemberian jus biji pepaya yang mengandung 646,1 mg flavonoid, 69,3 mg saponin, dan 140,9 mg tanin tiap 100 gram pada dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg mampu menurunkan rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL dari 2,64±0,70 menjadi 2,25±0,54 dan 2,94±1,01 menjadi 2,11±0,65 pada tikus Sprague Dawley dislipidemia dengan diet kolesterol 42,7834 mg/hari, namun tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) antar kelompok.Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah true-experimental laboratorik dengan pre and post test with randomized control group design. Subjek penelitian yaitu 28 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan berusia 8 minggu dengan berat 150-180 gram yang diinduksi dislipidemia, diberi jus biji pepaya dengan dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg per hari selama 30 hari. Rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL didapat dari perbandingan kadar kolesterol LDL dengan kolesterol HDL dimana kolesterol LDL dan kolesterol HDL ditentukan menggunakan reagen diasis dan metode CHOD-PAP. Normalitas data diuji dengan Shapiro Wilks. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Paired t-test, One Way Anova dan LSD.Simpulan : Jus biji pepaya pada dosis 400 mg/ekor/hari dan 800 mg/ekor/hari selama 30 hari mampu menurunkan rasio kolesterol LDL:HDL tikus Sprague Dawley dislipidemia, namun tidak bermakna. Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas antara dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg.

Abstract. Mar WW, Rohman A, Muwafiqi NH, Laras GA, Agustina D, Asmarani O, Puspaningsih NNT. 2020. Short Communication: Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of bacteria producing laccase isolated from Gunung Pancar, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2113-2118. Interpretation of phylogenetic trees is essential in understanding relationships between organisms, as well as their characteristics, bionetwork, and even their genomic and developmental ecology. The aim of this research is to analyze the phylogenetic bacteria producing laccase isolated from Gunung Pancar Bogor, Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis of Geobacillus kaustophilus TP-02 producing laccase was performed using alignments with all Bacillus clusters. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, using the maximum likelihood parameter. Laccase was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation to 2.67-fold. The activity of crude laccase was determined to be 93.39 U/ml using 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the substrate. Moreover, Geobacillus related to counting some Geobacillus genus such as Geobacillus thermocatenulatus, Geobacillus sp. MAS1, Geobacillus thermoleovorans, and Geobacillus zalihae, having similarity under 91% with comparison to the Geobacillus kaustophilius sequence in GenBank. Therefore, results show that G. kaustophilus TP-02 does not have any closeness with other Geobacillus genera, even though these species have the same ancestor.

Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) is a group of lactic acid bacteria that can produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding selenium chloride oxide (SeOCl2) to the increased immunomodulatory potential of EPS L. plantarum Y-1.2. The experiment was conducted in vivo using macrophage cells of peritoneal fluid of mice induced by Staphylococcus aureus. EPS was obtained by precipitation at 4 °C. Identification test using HPLC showed that crude EPS of L. plantarum Y-1.2 containing glucose monomers for value retention times 4.198 and 4.204, crude EPS approaches the retention time of glucose BP 4.234. Testing of immuno-modulatory divided into six treatment groups. Group 1-3 as the control group, a positive control (Stimuno), negative control (crude EPS 50 mg/kg BW in mice), normal control (distilled water). Group 4-6 as the test group was given crude EPS 50 mg/kg BW in mice and selenium oxide chloride doses of 0.13 µg; 0.26 µg; 0.52 µg. The test results showed a dosage of 0.52 µg selenium chloride oxide to crude EPS of 50 mg/kg BW in mice could increase the activity and phagocytic capacity amounted to 28.06% and 28.39%