There are different characteristics between islamic banking and conventional banking that cause a variety of questions, including the implementation of ERM. This study focuses on the effect of ERM implementation on NPL performance of banking, If the implementation of ERM is good, so the performance of NPL will also better. This study investigate the effect of ERM implementation on NPL performance on islamic banking and conventional banking. This study also investigate a different test level of ERM implementation that affect NPL on each type of banking. The sample consisted of 30 conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and 10 Islamic banking based on the Islamic Banking Statistics that issued by Bank Indonesia for the 2011-2016 research period. This study find that the implementation of ERM has a significant negative effect both on the islamic banking and on conventional banking. While the results of different tests conducted show that the implementation of ERM to NPL has more influence on conventional banking than in islamic banking, this could be due to the maturity level of both types of banks. Conventional banking has also existed for a long time compared to Islamic, so it certainly has a functioning structure efficiently, but for Islamic banking still requires effort and improvement for further development.

Company information disclosed in a financial statement is used as a reference by investors to assess corporate risk and investment-related decision-making. The higher the risk is, the higher the cost of debt (COD) demanded by an investor. This study investigates the influence of accounting information quality and the characteristics of the board of directors manifested in the report of the board of directors, which is a narrative report drafted by the board of directors, in the company's annual report on COD. The sample used is 106 nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2015. The method used is a mixed method in terms of data collection. Quantitative data from annual reports and qualitative data from the report of the board of directors were analyzed by quantitative content analysis. The results of this study reveal that the quality of accounting information as measured by the earnings income has a significant negative effect on COD; however, if it is measured by earnings, predictability does not affect COD. In addition, the report of the board of directors has a significant positive effect on COD. These results indicate that COD is influenced by both accounting information in the financial statement and also by nonaccounting factors, i.e., characteristics of the board of directors, which is reflected in the report of the board of directors in the annual report.