Contractual arrangements of different types have increasingly found in West Sumatera not only in subsistence and commercial crops but particularly also in livestock sector. Contract farming in livestock agribusiness is generally defined as broiler farms under an agreement between farmers and a livestock inputs supplier. Within this broad definition, there are different variants of contracts depending on the formality and intensity of contractual arrangement. This study objective was to prove that the design of a contract, as representation of vertical integration intensity in broiler agribusiness, has different efficiency effects on production. The stochastic frontier production function was used in this study, and employed a regression method to estimate the level of technical efficiency. Data were collected from 87 broiler fattening farms consisted of 50 broiler fattening farms under formal contractual system and 37 broiler fattening farms under informal contractual system. The results showed that farm experience and improvement of the contract system would reduce the level of technical inefficiency of broiler farms. The study concluded that broiler farms under formal and detail contract farming had greater technical efficiencies compared to broiler farms under informal unwritten contract arrangement. However, the broiler farms under informal contract obtained higher net returns compared to the broiler farms under formal contract arrangement.

Pembelajaran dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme menyatakan adanya  pengaruh interaksi sosial terhadap perkembangan pengetahuan siswa. Konsep diri akademik juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor interaksi sosial karena menyangkut rasa keberhargaan diri siswa selama pembelajaran. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan studi kuasi eksperimen mengenai pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme terhadap konsep diri akademik siswa. Sebanyak 63 siswa di Kelas V di salah satu sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Ciamis dilibatkan dalam penelitian dengan metode kuasi eksperimen, nonequivalent control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil post test dan normal gain untuk kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen dengan peningkatan normal gain sebesar 0,13.

This research aims to determine the factors that affect performance of micro, smalland medium enterprises in Malabar, Lodaya and Gunung Gede before and after theimplementation of one way system. There are several internal and external factors thatinfluence the perfomance of micro, small and medium enterprises.This research usedindependen variables (human resources aspect, financial aspect, technical and operationalaspect, market and marketing aspect, goverment policy aspect, Social, Economic and culturalaspect) and variable dependen (performance of micro, small and medium enterprises).The sampling method that used in this research is nonprobability with 100 respondents thathave macro, small and medium enterprises in Malabar, Lodaya and Gunung Gede.Based on this research, obtained the conclusion that there are two factors that have positiveaffect and significant toward micro, small and medium enterprises before the implementationof one way system. The factors are financial aspect and market, marketing aspect earned tcountthat bigger than t-table. Financial aspect (3,536>1,98), market and marketing aspect(5,402>1,98). And there are four factors that have positive affect and significant towardmacro, small and medium enterprises after the implementation one way system. The factorsare human resources aspect (2,082>1,98), financial aspect (3,287>1,98), technical andoperational aspect (2,081>1,98), and market, marketing aspect (3,712>1,98).This research also got result that there are positive affect and significant from humanresources aspect, financial aspect, technical and operational aspect, market and marketingaspect, goverment policy aspect, Social, Economic and cultural aspect together towardperformance micro, small and medium enterprises before and after the implementation ofone way system because it got f-count that bigger than t-table before the implementation ofone way system it earned (18,446>2,20) and after the implementation of one way system(13,605>2,20).Keywords : human resources aspect, financial aspect, technical and operational aspect,market and marketing aspect, goverment policy aspect, Social, Economic and cultural aspectand performance of micro, small and medium enterprises.