This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which permits reproduction, adaptation, and distribution provided the original author and source are credited. AbstractThere are few studies on the composition and diversity of species in the Brazilian semi-arid region, especially regarding the Anura biodiversity. Within this context, we aimed to characterize the composition of the anuran community of Cajueiro Farm, Paraíba semi-arid. The field samplings were conducted monthly between November 2013 and June 2014 for two consecutive days. The species were localized through visual and auditory active search limited by time. Using the Pearson regression analysis, the relation between the number of species and vocalization vs. rainfall was tested. The sample-based species accumulation curve indicated the adequacy of the anuran capture methodology. A total of 324 individuals, distributed in 17 species, 11 genera and four families, namely Leptodactylidae (n = 9), Hylidae (n = 5), Bufonidae (n = 2), Odontophrynidae (n = 1), were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13 presented reproductive activity (vocalization) during the study period. The number of species recorded, as well as the number of species in vocalization, was not related to rainfall.