Test-enhanced learning is a technique instructors can use to increase recall on summative assessments (e.g., exams) via formative assessments (e.g., quizzes). The present research examined recommendations based on the transfer-appropriate processing and level-of-processing (LOP) perspectives to assess the question, does deeper processing on quizzes (i.e., using application questions compared to factual) benefit exam performance? Students were more likely to correctly answer application questions on the exam when quizzes required a deeper LOP, and students appeared to gain a relatively equivalent definitional understanding using either factual or application questions on quizzes. Consequently, the present research supports the use of quiz questions that require a deeper LOP, especially when students are expected to learn beyond rote memorization.