The existing seeding devices not fully provide quality of application of mineral fertilizers. Unevenness and instability of application reach 20-40% at demanded to 15%. It, fi rst of all, associated with the absorption of fertilizers and imperfection of seeding devices for fertilizer. For a solution of the problem of ensuring quality of application of mineral fertilizers at their intra soil diff erentiated application the original design of the pin reel of a seeding device is off ered. Pins of the reel are executed in the form of the tetrahedral truncated pyramids located on crossing right and le multiple-helical lines on a reel surface. Theoretical researches relied on regularities of classical mechanics. As a result of theoretical researches the expression connecting all key design and technological parameters is received: reel radius, number of pins on it, their height and the sizes of the top and lower basis, diameter of a driving wheel, rate of application, aisle width, and transfer ratio of the driving mechanism.

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In the paper it is noted that the even distribution of seed and granules of mineral fertilizers inside the soil allows increasing their efficiency and obtaining a potential crop yield. For an even distribution of seeds of grain crops, herbs and fertilizer granules inside the soil, the use of a universal conical scatterer is proposed. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a universal conical scatterer, which ensures an even distribution of metered bulk and hard-flowing materials, in particular, seed and granules of mineral fertilizers inside the soil. The results of studies of the conical scatterer of an opener allow to establish that to obtain an even distribution of materials in the direction transverse to the translational speed it is necessary to cut an elliptical section of the scatterer. The cutting plane should be perpendicularto the translational speed (movement direction) at an angle between it and the central axis of the cone, lower than Π 2. The optimal parameters of the conical scatterer are calculated on the basis of the evenness of the particle descending along the conegeneratrix. The revealed dependence of the particle falling time on the initial dimensions of the scatterer made it possible to establish its optimal parameters: the height of the cut-section 6-14 mm; the cone base diameter 100-140 mm. The universal conical scatterer can be used in any industry that requires even scattering of metered bulk and hard-flowing materials.

Original scientific paper The paper reveals that the available facilities of granular fertilizer applying do not completely meet the technical requirements. In order to ensure stable and reliable dosing of fertilizers it is necessary to destroy the arch obtained above the hopper outlet and to provide forced feeding of the material (fertilizer) to the feeder (measuring device). The goal of the study is selection of optimum parameters of the fertilizer applying machine conic-helical loosener. The theoretical researches carried out allow to establish the relation between the motion (speed and displacement) of the material (fertilizer) elementary particles along the coils of the springs and the loosener design and technological parameters (the angle between the generant and axis-cones, the helix angle of spring coils, the cone base radius, the coefficients of external and internal friction, the angular speed). By varying each one of the parameters their optimum combination could be selected depending on the accepted loosener efficiency criterion. Keywords: applying machine; feeder; granular fertilizer; loosener Teorijsko ispitivanje konično-helikoidnog rasipača stroja za umjetno gnojivoIzvorni znanstveni članak Rad pokazuje da postojeći uređaji za rasipanje umjetnog gnojiva u granulama u potpunosti ne zadovoljavaju tehničke potrebe. Kako bi se osiguralo postojano i pouzdano doziranje gnojiva potrebno je dokinuti luk iznad izlaza iz lijevka i osigurati prisilni dovod materijala (gnojiva) u napojni (mjerni) uređaj. Cilj istraživanja je odabir optimalnih parametara konično-helikoidnog rasipača uređaja za rasipanje umjetnog gnojiva. Provedena teorijska istraživanja omogućuju uspostavu odnosa između gibanja (brzina i istiskivanje) elementarnih čestica materijala (gnojiva) duž opruga zavojnice i konstrukcije i tehnoloških parametara rasipača (kut između generant i konusne osovine, kut uspona spirale opruga zavojnice, polumjer baze konusa, faktor vanjskog i unutarnjeg trenja, kutna brzina). Variranjem svakog pojedinog parametra može se izabrati njihova optimalna kombinacija ovisno o prihvaćenom kriteriju učinkovitosti rasipača.Ključne riječi: napojni uređaj; rasipač; stroj za umjetno gnojivo; uređaj za rasipanje umjetnog gnojiva u granulama