The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of abnormally differentiated, long-lived myeloid progenitor cells cause a large number of blast cells in the circulating blood and replacement of normal bone marrow with tumor cells, as well as damage to other organs and systems. Neurological disorders in AML diseases are among the secondary lesions of the nervous system. Morphologically, neuroleukemia is characterized by multifocal leukemic infiltrates and disorders of the myelination of nerve fibers. The formation of leukemic foci in the medulla leads to an increase in intracranial pressure, compression of cerebral and spinal structures, loss of functions of the affected area. In such situations, computed tomography of the brain may reveal lesions of the brain substance, leukemic infiltration of the meninges of the brain, intracranial hemorrhages, and cerebral infarctions.