resumo A aveia preta no Brasil tem apresentado um forte incremento em área cultivada, principalmente com o advento da semeadura direta, rotação de culturas e adoção de sistemas agropecuários. Mesmo com estas características existem poucos trabalhos de pesquisa voltados para esta cultura, especialmente quanto a caracteres de importância agronômica e a identificação de genótipos adaptados às necessidades do produtor agrícola. Diante disto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar caracteres relacionados à produção de forragem e dormência de sementes em populações de aveia preta originadas de cruzamentos artificiais realizados entre linhagens derivadas da cultivar "Preta Comum" e cultivares comerciais da espécie. Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos no inverno de 2008, no município de Capão do Leão (RS), o primeiro com o objetivo de testar caracteres forrageiros e o segundo, para medir caracteres das sementes, como rendimento e nível de dormência. Os resultados indicaram que a hibridação artificial intensificou a variabilidade genética melhorando a expressão dos caracteres forrageiros, de rendimento de sementes e nível de dormência nas sementes. O caráter estande de plantas evidenciou elevada relação com a produtividade de matéria seca em estádios de desenvolvimento precoce das plantas; em fases mais adiantadas o número de afilhos teve maior contribuição na produção de biomassa. De modo geral, nas hibridações artificiais houve respostas diferenciadas para rendimento de sementes e nível de dormência, variando com os genitores utilizados na obtenção das populações. palavras-chave:Avena strigosa Schreb., populações híbridas, produção de forragem, dormência nas sementes. abstract GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR TOP AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN BIPARENTAL CROSSES OF BLACK OATSThe area sown to black oat in Brazil has experienced a dramatic growth as a consequence of the expansion of minimum tillage, crop rotations and crop-livestock systems. This growth was not accompanied by research work providing data on the relevant agronomic traits from this forage grass, which would eventually lead to the creation of new varieties meeting the growers' demands. This work evaluated traits related to forage production and seed dormancy in black oat populations originating from artificial breeding between pure lines derived from the "Preta Comum" variety and commercial varieties from this species. Two experiments were carried out during the winter of 2008, at the Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul State, one to assess forage production traits and the second to measure seed traits such as yield and dormancy levels. The results showed that artificial breeding enhanced genetic variability through improvement on the expression of forage traits, seed yield and dormancy levels. In relation to the former, plant stand was highly associated to dry matter production during the early stages of seedling development and establishment, while tiller production remained the major component explaining biomass production later stages of forage production. Artificial b...
ABSTRACT. The black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) is commonly used for forage, soil cover, and green manure. Despite its importance, little improvement has been made to this species, leading to high levels of genotypic disuniformity within commercial cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different doses of gamma rays [60 Co] applied to black oat seeds on the increase of genetic variability of agronomic traits. We applied doses of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 Gy to the genotype ALPHA 94087 through exposure to [ 60 Co]. Two experiments were conducted in the winter of 2008. The first aimed to test forage trait measurements such as plant height, dry matter yield, number of surviving tillers, and seedling stand. The second test assessed seed traits, such as yield and dormancy levels. Gamma irradiation seems not to increase seed yield in black oats, but it was 10333©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (4): 10332-10340 (2014) Genetic variability in black oats effective in generating variability for the other traits. Tiller number and plant height are important selection traits to increase dry matter yield. Selection in advanced generations of mutant populations can increase the probability of identifying superior genotypes.
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