PURPOSE. To determine the types of reaction to pilocarpine in patients with low-tension glaucoma (LTG) and study the nature of fluid outflow along the main pathways in different types of reaction to pilocarpine.METHODS. The observation group included 21 people (42 eyes) with LTG aged 51 to 80 years (average age 68±9.8 years). The criteria for inclusion in the study were emmetropic refraction and no previous laser and surgical interventions on the examined eye. The anterior chamber angle corresponded to medium–wide or wide according to the classification by A.P. Nesterov. The initial stage of LTG was established in 16 eyes, developed stage — 12 eyes, advanced stage — 14 eyes.The examination was carried out both in patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma and in patients with previously established diagnosis who received hypotensive drug therapy; in the latter case the patients were recommended to cease instillations of hypotensive drugs 10–14 days prior to the examination.RESULTS. Among the studied LTG patients, positive pilocarpine test was registered in 5 eyes (12%), negative — in 6 eyes (14%), and paradoxical — in 31 eyes (74%).The obtained data revealed no statistically significant differences in the initial values of anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial eye length between patients with paradoxical and positive reactions to pilocarpine. Therefore, there are no anatomical prerequisites for the development of a particular type of reaction to the pilocarpine test in the studied eyes.The ease of outflow coefficient (EOC) for the drainage pathway is significantly reduced in patients with positive reaction to pilocarpine, which in absolute numbers approaches normal values. In these patients the drainage outflow reserves are preserved.In persons with paradoxical reaction to pilocarpine, EOC for the drainage pathway is significantly reduced and is low in absolute numbers. Deterioration of the outflow along the uveoscleral pathway in pilocarpine instillations leads to elevated intraocular pressure.CONCLUSION. The majority of patients with low-tension glaucoma have a paradoxical reaction to the pilocarpine test. The sufficiently high sensitivity of the sample allows recommending it as a diagnostic test for this type of glaucoma.Different types of reaction to pilocarpine in patients with low-tension glaucoma are associated with the intensity of intraocular fluid outflow over the drainage and uveoscleral pathways.

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This paper presents an overview of existing software and hardware simulation tools for the LoRaWAN network, considers their features and the possibility of using them to analyze the vulnerabilities of end devices, gateways and protocol.

The importance of the Northern Sea Route as a global transport corridor, used for transportation of national and international cargo, will only increase because of the currently observed climatic changes. Currently, the only stable communication system there is satellite. The paper presents the results of software modeling of a technological radio communication line based on the VHF trunking network for sea vessels following a group along the Northern Sea Route.

PURPOSE. To quantify the content of connective tissue metabolites reflecting the exchange of its main components in biological fluids in low tension glaucoma (LTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to conduct a comparative analysis of the obtained data.   METHODS. The studies were conducted in 33 patients with low tension glaucoma aged 51 to 80 years old (mean age 69 ± 10.4 years), 20 patients with POAG aged 53 to 80 years old (mean age 67 ± 10.1 years) and 15 clinically healthy volunteers aged 52 to 78 years old (mean age 68 ± 9.2 years). The protein components of the fibrous part of the connective tissue were analyzed for daily excretion of oxyproline in urine by the method involving para-Dimethylamin-obenzaldehyde modified by P.N. Sharaev. Serum glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were studied by analyzing carbohydrate components of connective tissue. The concentration of GAG in the blood serum was determined by the colorimetric method, using Dische's carbazole reaction.   RESULTS. The amount of GAG in the blood serum of LTG patients was 3.26 ± 1.57 mmol/L, while in the control group consisting of clinically healthy volunteers — 2.92 ± 1.25 mmol/L. The differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.1). The amount of daily excretion of oxyproline in the urine of LTG patients was 17.17 ± 8.64 mmol/day, and in the group of clinically healthy individuals — 13.96 ± 5.61 mmol/day. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The amount of GAG in the blood serum of POAG patients was 3.97 ± 1.17 mmol/L. The differences in relation to LTG were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The amount of daily excretion of oxyproline in the urine of POAG patients was 32.71 ± 19.79 mmol/day. The differences were statistically significant in relation to LTG (p < 0.05). The amount of GAG and oxyproline in biological fluids tends to increase with the advancement of LTG and POAG.   CONCLUSION. Destruction processes in the connective tissue do occur in LTG, but are less pronounced in comparison to POAG and more pronounced in comparison to healthy individuals. The indicator that most clearly reflects the activity of destructive processes in the connective tissue is the daily excretion of oxyproline in urine.