Relevance. Currently, researchers are actively searching for genetic markers of periodontitis. Their detection will allow identifying risk group patients long before the manifestation of the first signs of the disease, predicting the disease course and intensively carrying out preventive measures to eliminate negative environmental factors.Aim – to classify the available data on the genes associated with the development of aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. We found 214 publications published from 2005 to 2020 in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Search and eLibrary. One hundred and thirty-five publications were selected, among which are clinical studies and meta-analysis data.Results. Chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis are typically polygenic. The disease-associated genes are predisposition genes. The presence of an allele associated with the disease in an individual is not an absolute diagnostic sign for the development of the disease. However, it reflects the risk of disease development. The search for genetic markers of periodontitis assigns a crucial role to genes, which encode proteins significant at different stages of the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Defensins, interleukins, Toll-like receptors, collagen type I α1 chain and others are among them. To date, the researchers have studied about 300 polymorphisms and have associated some of them with the development of periodontitis.Conclusion. The exact genetic marker of periodontitis is currently unknown. Further search for the candidate genes and additional knowledge of the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal diseases are necessary. Determining the disease predisposition will improve the quality of dental care and preventive measures even before the manifestation of the disease.

Objectives: To assess the Candida species occurrence rate and concentration in periodontal pockets in chronic periodontitis (CP) by meta-analysis. Materials and Methods:A search was performed of articles published between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2020, in English and in Russian, in the electronic databases MEDLINE-PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Research Gate, eLIBRARY, and Cyberleninka (PROSPEROCRD42021234831). The odds ratio (OR), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Review Manager 5.4.1 to compare the risk of CP when Candida spp.were detected in the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket and to compare Candida spp. density counts in patients with CP and periodontally healthy patients.Results: Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 11 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that Candida spp. may increase the chance of CP development by 1.76 times (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.04-2.99; Z = 2.10; p = .04; I 2 = 61%). More Candida spp. were found in patients with CP than in periodontally healthy patients (SMD = 1.58; 95% CI = 0.15−3.02; p = .03; I 2 = 98%).No data were found relating to the statistically significant influence of Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis on CP development. Conclusion:We found that Candida albicans insignificantly increased the risk of CP development but, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, further research is necessary to determine the exact role of Candida spp. in the development and course of the inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Clinically significant myocardial infiltration by blast cells is a rare occurrence in acute leukemia. Heart failure rate in children with hemato-oncological diseases is unknown. Here we report a clinical case of an 8-year-old female patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as heart failure that resolved during specific therapy for the cancer. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.

The age of inflammatory periodontal disease (PD) manifestations has tended to decrease over the past decades. The study of the range of periodontal pathogens in young people and their influence on the PD manifestation contributes to the predictor identification for the early prevention of this pathology.The aim was to study the correlation between the range of periodontal pathogens in the dentoalveolar sulcus/periodontal pocket (DS/PC) contents and the clinical PD manifestations in young people.We examined 28 patients (23.1 ± 0.93 years) with dental biofilm-induced gingivitis (BG), 24 patients (30.7 ± 0.6 years) with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and 87 clinically periodontally healthy patients (21.1 ± 0.49 years) (Control). The hygiene index and the periodontal status were determined in all patients. DNA of five periodontal pathogens was identified by PCR in the DS/PC contents. The statistical analysis was performed in Statistica 13.3. The critical significance level was p ≤ 0.05.DNA was not observed in 60.9 % of the control group samples and 7.1 % of the BG group samples. In other cases, the bacteria were found separately and as part of bacterial complexes. P.g. and T.f. were most often detected in all groups. P.g. (U = 474, р < 0.01) and A.a. (U = 209, р >< 0.05) significantly contributed to the plaque formation in the control group, T.d. – in BG and AgP groups (U = 37.5, р >< 0.05 and U = 34, р >< 0.05, respectively). In the AgP group, purulent discharge was more often recorded if T.d. was detected in the PC contents (χ2  = 5.53, р >< 0.05). T.f. + P.i. and P.g. + T.f. + P.i. complexes were exclusively associated with PD. Complexes of four bacteria were found only in the AgP group. The association of periodontal pathogens and their complexes with different PD forms was revealed.>< 0.01) and A.a. (U = 209, р <0.05) significantly contributed to the plaque formation in the control group, T.d. – in BG and AgP groups (U = 37.5, р <0.05 and U = 34, р <0.05, respectively). In the AgP group, purulent discharge was more often recorded if T.d. was detected in the PC contents (χ2  = 5.53, р <0.05). T.f. + P.i. and P.g. + T.f. + P.i. complexes were exclusively associated with PD. Complexes of four bacteria were found only in the AgP group.The association of periodontal pathogens and their complexes with different PD forms was revealed.

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