Precision Farming or Precision Agriculture is generally defined as information and technology based farm management system to identify, analyse and manage spatial and temporal variability within fields for optimum productivity and profitability, sustainability and protection of the land resource by minimizing the production costs. Increasing environmental consciousness of the general public is necessitating us to modify agricultural management practices for sustainable conservation of natural resources such as water, air and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. The use of inputs (i.e. chemical fertilizers and pesticides) based on the right quantity, at the right time, and in the right place. This type of management is commonly known as "Site-Specific Management". The productivity gain in global food supply have increasingly relied on expansion of irrigation schemes over recent decades, with more than a third of the world's food now requiring irrigation for production. All-together, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems.

Salinity is a major yield reducing factor in coastal as well as arid irrigated rice production systems. Salt induced abiotic stress is an acute problem, interrupting the metabolic processes of plants, resulting in reduced growth and productivity. Proline is an amino acid which increases in plants under abiotic stress. Salinity stress affects the metabolism of plants leading to severe crop damage and loss of productivity. Oxidative stress is one consequence of salinity that may be responsible for much of the damage. We inspected the immediate accumulation of proline in salinity induced stress in seven native rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Among the seven, five namely Orthadian, Chovvarian, Kuttusan, Kuthiru and Orkazhama were collected from a saline rice tract of the region and two namely Kunhutty and Veliyan from a non-saline rice tract of the region. The plants were subjected to different levels of salt stress ranging from 0 to 200 mM of NaCl and the concentration of proline in the leaf samples was inspected. Results showed that proline concentration increased in all the cultivars studied in relation to increase in salt stress and it was progressive along with increase in stress. This property was shown by all the cultivars irrespective of the fact whether they evolved in a saline habitat or a non-saline habitat. However, proline accumulation was higher in the cultivars collected from the saline tract when compared to the cultivars collected from the non-saline tract.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most popular and important cereal crops, providing the staple food for more than half of the world's population, especially those living in developing countries. Salinity is one of the prominent abiotic constraints for crop plants worldwide. It affects their growth, development, productivity and ultimately the yield. It also triggers a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants. Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which are highly reactive and toxic and may cause severe damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA which ultimately results in oxidative stress. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems which work together to control uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by the scavenging of ROS. The major antioxidant enzymes include catalase, peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, etc. Production of antiaoxidant enzymes by some native rice genotypes collected both from saline and non-saline rice tracts of Kerala State of Inda was studied presently in relation to relative induction of salt stress. All the genotypes showed significant upregulation in the production of antioxidant enzymes in response to increase in salt stress applied.

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