In Ghana, there is an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population, which stood at 3.35% by the end of 2013. About 8000 deaths were reported from diabetes in 2013. Changing dietary patterns and lifestyles are associated with the upsurge of DM and in Kumasi the prevalence is 9%. This work sought to determine DM prevalence and associated risk factors among adults in the Kumasi metropolis. The study involved 113 adults from the Oforikrom sub metro. Body Mass Index (BMI) were calculated from weight and height. Venous blood samples were collected for the determination of fasting blood glucose (FBG) using a spectrophotometer. Systolic and diastolic pressures were determined and socio-demographic data were collected using questionnaires. Mean age of participants was 41.8±1.3 years (females=44.9 and males=34.6, p<0.001), mean BMI was 27.3±0.6 kg/m 2 (females=29.4 versus males=22.5 kg/m2, p<0.001) and mean FBG was 4.93±0.1 mmol/L (females= 4.97 versus males=4.84, p=0.55). Prevalence of hypoglycemia was 11.5%, normoglycaemia 74.3%, prediabetes 10.7% and diabetes was 3.5%. Close to 35% and 27% were obese and overweight respectively. More females were overweight or obese (82.3%) than the males (15%), p<0.001. Binary regression analysis showed gender as the only significant predictor of high FBG, with females having a 2.76 (95% CI 0.6, 12.7) increased odds of having high FBG compared to males. BMI, age, exercise, family history and diet were not significant predictors of FBG. In this population there

Introduction: Prostate cancer is gradually reaching a very high incidence in Africa, especially in the Sub-saharan region. Understanding the dynamics in occurrence of the disorder is one approach to developing effective public health programmes and interventions that will help curb the rising incidence. Objective: This study was aimed at reducing the paucity of data on prostate cancer by assessing the incidence, patterns and presentation in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. We sought to provide region-specific hardcore data that will help to assess the issue and provide remedies. Method and Materials: All prostate disease cases recorded from the year 2009 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects from 40 years (based on previous studies) and above were eligible for screening. Diagnostic and screening tools for prostate cancer at the study site were family history, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, digital rectal examination, urological ultrasound scan and histopathology (biopsy). Age, PSA values and year of screening/diagnosis were also retrieved from patient folders/archives for the purposes of the study. Histological findings and parameters considered in the study included diagnosis, carcinoma grading, perineural invasion (PNI) and percentage of affected tissues (%TA). Results: Prostate cancer constituted 236 cases (40.07%) of the 589 prostate diseases reviewed. The highest annual prevalence was recorded in 2014 with an incidence rate of 21.6% (51 cases). The ages of patients ranged from 46 to 101 years with a modal age range of 70-79 years and a mean ± SD of 71.7 ± 11.2. The mean PSA value recorded was 37.5 ng/ml (±68.9) with predominance in the 11-20.9 ng/ml (61 cases/patients) (27.9%) range. Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the dominant grade of prostate cancer accounting for 61.4% (145 cases) of the 236 cases.

Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition which arises when there is an uncontrollably high level of glucose in the blood. It is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder which also affects protein and fatty acid metabolisms. Several complications result from diabetes as a result of poor glycemic control. This project aimed at determining the various complications developed by diabetics who visited the Diabetics Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana, from January to December, 2013. It involved 475 diabetes with an age range of 11 to 100 years with modal age range being greater than 60 years (56.8%) and a mean age of 63.8 ± 3.2 years. It comprised of 45.7% males and 54.3% females.The predominant diabetes type was type 2 (affecting 269 patients) followed by unclassified diabetes type (affecting 188 patients) and then type 1 diabetes (also affecting 18 patients). Complications were found in 365 (76.8%) patients with most of these complications occurring in females who were above 40 years. The most prevalent complication was hypoglycemia, which affected 180 patients (37.9%). Peripheral circulatory complication affected 18 patients (3.8%), renal complication affected 123 patients (25.9%) and ketoacidosis also affected 42 patients (8.8%) whilst two patients (0.4%) suffered multiple complications. These complications caused 57 deaths (12%) and these deaths were most prevalent in unclassified diabetes.

Ghana is not an exception from developing countries suffering from hepatitis B infection. Research has shown that various communities have different prevalent rate as result of life style and socioeconomic levels. This study investigated the prevalence of the infection, possible risk factors, determined liver enzymes (AST and ALT) of infected respondents and serologically characterized the infected respondents in KNUST community. In a total of 85 respondents, 8 of them tested positive to the HBsAg indicating 9.41% prevalence. Males have higher prevalence (13.16%) than females (6.38%). Ages from 20-29 recorded the highest prevalence followed by 30-39 and 50-59.The mean values obtained for AST in U/l was (40.33±13.60) and ALT in U/l was (25.17±5.70). The mean values indicate normal health for liver cells. Three of the respondents reported of having a family history of HB virus, two claimed they had been blood-transfused and one was involved in sharing of devices. Therefore, age, sex, history of blood transfusion, use of shared items and blood contacts have much influence and could be major contributing factors to HBV infection. Serological evidence indicates that positive respondents to HBsAg fall within the inactive chronic hepatitis B carrier phase and so it can be concluded that the chronic hepatitis B-infected patients visiting the Clinical Analysis Laboratory are in the inactive phase.

Introduction: There are many contributing factors to the onset of prostate diseases. Major factors include age, race, hormonal, genetic influence and lifestyle. Diseases of the prostate are generally regarded as the diseases of elderly men. Despite the general attribution of prostate diseases to old age, some school of thought have propounded a polar view to this assertion. Objective: This study seeks to assess age as a risk-factor for prostate diseases among men in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Method: A selective prospective study was employed to review prostate cases from 2009 to 2014. Subjects were selectively recruited for the study using the reference age of the study location (40 yrs)men from 40 years and above were eligible for testing. Patients were routinely screened for prostate lesions using positive family history, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, digital rectal examination and ultrasound scan. Age, diagnosis and grading of carcinomas were also recorded for this study. Results: The age range of participants was 42-101 years with a mean+ SD of 70.94 +10.008 and a higher incidence occurring in the year 2010. A higher number of prostatic lesions were recorded between the ages 60-89 with a modal prevalence at 70-89 years. About 51.78% of study participants were diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia, 40.07% with adenocarcinomas, 0.85% with chronic prostatitis and 7.3% for both prostatitis and benign prostate hyperplasia. Out of the 589 benign and malignant prostate lesions reviewed, well differentiated adenocarcinoma were prominent among men aged 60-79 years and absent among 40-59 year old's and ≥ 80 years. Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was prevalent among individuals 40-99 years but absent among men older than 100 years. Contrary finding is the presence of poor differentiation from 100 years and above. Conclusion: Ghanaian men between the ages of 50 and 89 are highly predisposed to prostate diseases compared to those <50 years and >89 years. This observation may provide a rational for effective medical or preventive interventions especially among Ghanaian Adults.