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P transposon induced modifier mutations of position-effect variegation (PEV) were isolated with the help of hybrid dysgenic crosses (pi 2 strain) and after transposition of the mutator elements pUChsneory+ and P[lArB]. Enhancer mutations were found with a ten times higher frequency than suppressors. The 19 pUChsneory(+)- and 15 P[lArB]-induced enhancer mutations can be used for cloning of genomic sequences at the insertion sites of the mutator elements via plasmid rescue. Together with a large sample of X-ray-induced (48) and spontaneous (93) enhancer mutations a basic genetic analysis of this group of modifier genes was performed. On the basis of complementation and mapping data we estimate the number of enhancer genes at about 30 in the third chromosome and between 50 and 60 for the whole autosome complement. Therefore, enhancer of PEV loci are found in the Drosophila genome as frequently as suppressor genes. Many of the enhancer mutations display paternal effects consistent with the hypothesis that some of these mutations can induce genomic imprinting. First studies on the developmentally regulated gene expression of PEV enhancer genes were performed by beta-galactosidase staining in P[lArB] induced mutations.

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Abstract:The aim of this study is to ascertain the possible application of Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis as a genetic test to investigate DNA polymorphisms and detection of genomic markers in various types of leukemia. The results showed unique profiles of amplified DNA fragments produced in genomic DNA of three types of leukemia by an arbitrary primer of decamer oligonucleotides OPA-09. The primer produced four types of amplified DNA fragments (980, 1659, 2187 and 3162 bp). The smallest amplified DNA fragment (980 bp) appeared in 14.3 and 13.3% of tested acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia patients, respectively; but was absent in genomic DNA of chronic lymphoid leukemia and normal individuals. Whereas the largest amplified fragment (3162 bp) was present in 12.5, 20 and 75% of chronic lymphoid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and normal individuals, respectively and was absent in acute myeloid leukemia. On the other hand, the two amplified fragments (1659 and 2187 bp) were present in normal and leukemia patients. Cluster analysis of amplified DNA fragments grouped the leukemia patients in two main groups. The detected DNA polymorphisms by the arbitrary primer OPA-09 might find application in developing efficient RAPD primer for diagnosis of leukemia.