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Using surface x-ray diffraction, we have determined the structure of liquid Bi monolayers on Cu(111) for a range of coverages. By combining diffuse scattering data from the liquid with information from the substrate scattering, the ordering properties of Bi have been fully determined. Even though the substrate is hexagonal, we find that the liquid does not show hexatic order but has an orthorhombic orientational order that occurs in three domains. Simultaneously, Bi has partial solidlike properties, even well above its melting point.

We present a novel method for the determination of the internal structure of macromolecular aggregates in solution based on polarized absorption measurements on magnetically aligned aggregates. Different types of aggregates of three cyanine dyes were investigated in order to test the method. The obtained stacking geometries agree with those found by X-ray diffraction experiments on single crystals grown from the studied dyes, providing evidence that our method is a valuable tool for structural analysis of molecular assemblies.