As has been shown previously, immunologically intact mice with patent Schistosoma mansoni infections had a significantly lower mean platelet number than intact uninfected mice (P<0.0001). However, platelet numbers in T-cell deprived mice with patent infections were not significantly different from those in uninfected T-cell deprived mice. Also, platelet counts in both the infected and uninfected T-cell deprived groups were not significantly different from those in intact uninfected mice. The S. mansoni-induced thrombocytopaenia in mice is thus seemingly immune dependent. Immunologically intact mice with chronic 12-week-old S. mansoni infections had IgG antibodies that were reactive in an ELISA-type assay with whole fixed platelets of both mouse and human origin. In Western immunoblots the IgG antibodies from chronically-infected mice reacted in particular against mouse and human platelet antigens of 90, 37 and 30 kDa. Antisera raised from 2 rabbits, immunized respectively with mouse and human platelet antigens, cross-reacted with antigens of the larval, adult worm and egg stages of S. mansoni. These results support the hypothesis that an anti-platelet antibody response may be the cause of the thrombocytopaenia observed in mice with patent schistosome infections.