Sinking of vertical shafts and other mine workings by drilling and blasting leads to the development of roughheSS (projections and hollows) in the peripheral rock; with the usual type of drilling and blasting, these reach 50-70 cm in depth (Fig. 1). A number of recent analytical papem [1-3, etc.] show that these roughnesses have a marked influence on the stress distribution in the periphery of a working, especially an unsupported one. We have experimentally attacked the problem of the action of a sprayed-concrete support (lining) and its interaction with the surrounding solid rock weakened by curved apertures.Mathematically, the problem is analogous to that of the stress distribution in a weightless plate with a hole, the periphery of which simulates the roughnesses of the unsupported working, or in a plate supported by a ring which repeats these roughnesses, with uniform compressive stress at "infinity." We used the optical-polarization method of investigation, with plane models with "frozen-in" stresses. The scale of the models was 1:100.The models were disks, 175 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick At the center of each disk was a hole simulating a vertical working with a rough* or smooth periphery. In preparing models with supported contou~ we glued a ring into the hole, so that its external contour matched the internal contour of the hole. The models were made Disks simulating the solid rock were made from SD-10 resin, which has a modulus of elasticity of E = 140 kg/cm z at 'the freezing point. The model supports were made from SD-5 (E = 45 kg/cm~ or epoxy resin (E = 400 kg/cm~.

No abstract

In the construction and repair of underground workings, much use has recently been made of progressive gunlte (sprayed concrete) linings. As a rule, gunite is Used in strong, ~:able rocks with higher moduU of elasticity than the lining and outside the zone of influence of other workings, so that the support plays the part of an insulating coat. The extensive introduction of gunite under other conditions is prevented by lack of knowledge of the interactions in the lining-rock system.Existing analytical solutions [1][2][3] refer to the stress distribution round an unsupported working with an uneven surface or round a working with an absolutely rigid lining [3]. Experiments on models of optically sensitive materials, in which the influence of unevenness ofthe periphery of the cross section of the lining on the tangential stresses was studied, have been performed at the All-Union Scientific-Research Mine surveying institute [4]. The external shape of the lining was assumed to follow a hypotrochoid. The cases E l/Er> 1 (2.86) and E l/Rr< 1 (0.32) were considered, together with two types of Internal periphery (circular and with constant lining thickness).In this article we give the results of an investigation of the state of stress of a lining with an irregular crosssectional surface in relation to the ratio between the elastic characteristics of the lining-rock system (E,/E -~-I) r and to the dimensions and shape of the lining and the layer of weakened rock beyond the lining, the weak layer being modeled by an elastic layer with reduced modulus of elasticity. The MFE, applied to problems of mining geomechanics, is a fairly effective numerical method of constructional mechanics [6]. The precision of a solution by the MFE depends on the denseness of the network at the points of maximum stress gradient. As in [4], we considered the case of an axisymmetric load applied at the boundary of the region in question after installation of the lining. The ~lution of this problem can be applied to the analysis of the action of the lining of mine shafts and the support of horizontal workings with a uniformly distributed load (q) applied at the infinite boundary of the region.In a working supported with gunite, the surface of the lining which is in contact with the rock repeats the relief of the rock walls, while the interior surface has a broadly similar shape but with a smaller amplitude of fluctuation. According to the results of processing field measurements, the outline of the lining can be represented by epitrochoidal curves [7] with parametric equations of the form x =R (p cos 0--rap ~ cos nO) ; g=R (p sin 0--rnp" sin nO), where 0 is the angle measured from the direction of the x axis to the direction of a ray passing through the point with coordinates (x, y), R is the mean radius of the ring for which the area of the convexities (hollows in the rock)