Lagrange interpolation, the new formula provides relatively higher accuracy and larger grid step size and also makes it simpler to implement higher-order basis functions in IE-FFT. frequency and the slotline radiation loss. In addition, high radiation loss of a transition is undesired in high density circuits due to that it will cause unwanted crosstalk. Furthermore, for a low characteristic impedance of the slotline and easy matching to a 50 ⍀ microstrip line, they are all fabricated on high dielectric constant substrates ( r Ͼ 10 ). As the high dielectric constant substrates are suitable for circuit design rather than the antenna design, using such transitions to feed antennas will degrade the antenna radiation performance. Recently, the microstrip-to-slotline transitions on low dielectric constant substrates with the slotline stepped circular ring terminations have been reported with a 1-dB back-to-back insertion loss bandwidth covering from 2.9 to 15.2 GHz (1:5.2) and a 3-dB back-to-back insertion loss bandwidth covering from 2.5 to 19.0 GHz (1:7.6) [6]. However, they also increase the design complexity of the transition due to its complex structure. Furthermore, as there are no easy design equations for the slotline stepped circular ring termination, the design of these transitions may only rely on time-consuming full-wave optimization.In this article, an improved version of a broadband microstripto-slotline transition [3] on low dielectric constant substrate is presented. The proposed transition consists of a microstrip multisection matching transformer and a right-angle crossing of a microstrip radial stub and a slot radial stub. Compared to the original designs [3], the geometry of the microstrip radial stub has been adjusted to allow the fabrication of larger angle slot radial stub. By employing the extremely large angle slot radial stub to reduce radiation loss, the proposed transition has a return loss of better than 15 dB while the 1-and 3-dB back-to-back insertion loss bandwidth can cover from 1.04 to 5.13 GHz (1:4.9) and from 1.02 to 13.90 GHz (1:13.6), respectively. The improved transition achieves greater bandwidth and lower loss than the earlier designs [1-6], and besides, does not increase the design complexity in comparison to the original design [3]. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the extremely large angle slot radial stub is used for broadband and low-loss microstrip-to-slotline transition. DESIGN AND FABRICATIONThe geometry of the improved microstrip-to-slotline transition is shown in Figure 1. The microstrip radial stubs and the microstrip multisection matching transformers are at the top layer of a substrate while the ground plane is at the bottom layer. The slotline and the slot radial stubs are in the ground plane. The geometry of the microstrip radial stub is adjusted to allow the fabrication of the extremely large angle slot radial stub, which is used to decrease the insertion loss of the transition in the upper band. In addition, as the characteristic imped...

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Measurements of 20 vector and tensor spin observables in d-p elastic scattering at a deuteron bombarding energy of 1.6 GeV (800 MeV equivalent proton beam energy) are reported. Of these 10 are two-spin observables and the remaining ten are three-spin observables. The twospin observables, six of which have been measured for the first time, were measured in the four-momentum-transfer range 0.12 to 0.85 (Gev/c) . The three-spin observables, of which eight were measured for the first time, were measured in the momentum-transfer range 0.2 to 0.85 (GeV jc) . The magnitude of the average vector polarization of the deuteron beam was 0.3, and of the average tensor alignment was 0.85. A frozen spin-polarized proton target was utilized for these measurements. These results are compared with previous measurements when possible, and show a general agreement. They are also compared with the predictions of the relativistic-impulse approximation, and its modified version, which takes into account a nontrivial oR'-mass-shell behavior of nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes. I. MOTIVATIONAmong all possible proton-nucleus elastic-scattering reactions, the p-d reaction at intermediate energies [i.e., I GeV equivalent proton beam energy (EPBE)j is a particularly rich source of information. Data from this reaction may be used to study aspects of the structure of the deuteron and to probe features of the nucleon-nucleon (N X) interaction -that do not play a role in elastic N scattering. The p-d reaction is especially interesting for the following reasons:Because of the comparatively simple structure of the deuteron, a relatively complete theoretical treatment of the scattering process is feasible.Due to the spin &-1 structure of the p-d system and availability of both polarized proton and polarized deuteron beams and targets, a large number of spin observables may be measured in scattering experiments.In the past few years, a number of p-d elastic scattering spin observables have been measured at intermediate energies, particularly at 800 MeV EPBE. A prime objective of those measurements and the present measurement is to obtain a sufFiciently large number of independent p-d spin observables, measured with sufFicient statistical accuracy, to allow, in a modelindependent manner, the reconstruction of the p-d elasticscattering amplitude. At this time, we are still a long way from reaching this objective. Therefore, comparison between the experiment and the theoretical models has to be made on the level of observables rather than the scattering amplitude.In p-d scattering, in the energy range of interest, the number of partial waves involved becomes so large that solving the three-body scattering problem explicitly becomes impractical. Therefore, realistic theoretical calculations of the p-d scattering amplitude have to rely on the multiple-scattering theory, which expresses the p-d scattering amplitude in terms of N-N interactions.It has been realized, in the last few years, that in such multiple-scattering models relativistic effects pl...

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