Equilibrium reactions in the beginning of the process of furfurylalcohol-formaldehyde resin-production have been studied. Based on 'Hand I3C-NMR analysis the components of the system have been quantitatively determined. Equilibrium constant values of the simultaneous reactions have been calculated.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Gleichgewichtsreaktionen zu Beginn der Reaktion zwischen Furfurylalkohol und Formaldehyd wurden untersucht. Auf Grund von ' Hund I3C-NMR-Analysen wurden dieKomponenten des Systems quantitativ bestimmt. Gleichgewichtskonstanten der gleichzeitig ablaufenden Reaktionen wurden ermittelt.
A kinetic investigation has been made of the curing process of phenol-formaldehyde resins by the method of adiabatic heat measurements. The applicability of rate equations related to adiabatic reactions for the given process has been examined. It was found that the curing of phenol-formaldehyde resins in closed system cannot be considered as an unidirectional reaction. In circumstances analogous to practical application the curing of resins takes place parallel to the evaporation of water. Adding a further term to the rate-equation of the strictly adiabatic reaction taking into account the evaporation, this process also can be described with an accuracy meeting the requirements of the practice.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Die Aushiirtung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harzen wurde durch adiabatische Messung der Reaktionswiirme untersucht. Dazu wurde die Verwendbarkeit von Geschwlndigkeitsgleichungen, die fur adiabatisch verlaufende Reaktionen abgeleitet wurden, gepriift. Die Phenolharzhartung kann in geschlossenen Systemen nicht als in nur eine Richtung verlaufende Reaktion angesehen werden. Unter den Bedingungen der Praxis verlauft die Hirtung parallel zur Verdampfung von Wasser. Deshalb muB in die genannte Geschwindigkeitsgleichung ein weiteres Glied aufgenommen werden, das die Verdampfung berucksichtigt ; dann kann der ProzeB mit hinreichender.Genauigkeit beschrieben werden.In the course of studying the curing of phenol-formaldehyde resins, in our previous experiments 1 . we tried to follow the process by viscosimetric, dilatometric and calorimetric methods. In our present paper we describe the method ofadiabatic reaction heat measurements. In a previous publication we derived equations expressing adiabatic reactions of different order, presented the function of an adiabatic calorimeter constructed by us, and described the application of the method in the case of polyurethane resins. The choice fell on polyurethane as the first model as the measurement of polyaddition
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