This 3-month study in 96 constipated children aged 6 months to 3 years confirms the long-term tolerance of PEG 4000 in pediatrics and indicates a PEG efficacy similar to or greater than that of lactulose.

The aim of this study was to analyze the CT and MR features of multiple glioblastomas, and to determine the best imaging modality for the initial diagnosis. The CT (four exams) and MR imaging (eight exams) of eight patients with proven multiple glioblastomas were reviewed by two neuroradiologists. The lesions were always hypo- or isodense on CT and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (100%). They were usually hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted images (90%). Edema and mass effect were very variable. After contrast media administration, the enhancement was mostly strong (71% on CT and 70% on MR), often either heterogeneous or ring-like. The different lesions of a patient often had a different pattern on MR (75% of cases). Meningeal or ventricular enhancement, suggestive of a possible way of dissemination, was rare. In case of multiple cerebral masses, multiple glioblastomas should be considered as a possible diagnosis in addition to the better known diagnosis of brain metastases, abscesses, or multifocal lymphomas. Moderate edema and mass effect on MR associated with strong and heterogeneous enhancement are suggestive of feature of multiple glioblastomas. Magnetic resonance allows rarely the visualization of a dissemination route.

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Summary Background and Aims Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Current guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance, yet epidemiological studies show poor compliance. The aims of our study were to analyse adherence to endoscopic surveillance, its impact on advanced colorectal lesions, and risk factors of non‐adherence. Methods A retrospective multicentre study of IBD patients with criteria for CRC surveillance, diagnosed between 2005 and 2008 and followed up to 2020, was performed. Following European guidelines, patients were stratified into risk groups and adherence was considered when surveillance was performed according to the recommendations (±1 year). Cox‐proportional regression analyses were used to compare the risk of lesions. p‐values below 0.05 were considered significant. Results A total of 1031 patients (732 ulcerative colitis, 259 Crohn’s disease and 40 indeterminate colitis; mean age of 36 ± 15 years) were recruited from 25 Spanish centres. Endoscopic screening was performed in 86% of cases. Adherence to guidelines was 27% (95% confidence interval, CI = 24–29). Advanced lesions and CRC were detected in 38 (4%) and 7 (0.7%) patients respectively. Adherence was associated with increased detection of advanced lesions (HR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.3–10.1; p = 0.016). Risk of delay or non‐performance of endoscopic follow‐up was higher as risk groups increased (OR = 3.524; 95% CI = 2.462–5.044; p < 0.001 and OR = 4.291; 95%CI = 2.409–7.644; p < 0.001 for intermediate‐ and high‐ vs low‐risk groups). Conclusions Adherence to endoscopic surveillance allows earlier detection of advanced lesions but is low. Groups at higher risk of CRC are associated with lower adherence.

Background and Aims: Data from clinical trials suggest that biological drugs may improve the outcomes in Crohn’s disease (CD) by reducing the need for surgery or hospitalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the time-trends of the use of biological drugs and other treatments for CD, and its relationship with outcomes in Catalonia. Materials and Methods: All patients with CD included in the Catalan Health Surveillance System (containing data on a population of more than 7.5 million) from 2011 to 2017 were identified. The exposures to different treatments for inflammatory bowel disease were retrieved from electronic invoicing records. Results: Between 2011 and 2017, the use of salicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive treatment fell from 28.8% to 17.1%, 15.8% to 13.7%, and 32.9% to 29.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Biological treatment use rose from 15.0% to 18.7% (p < 0.001). Ostomy rates per 1000 patients/year fell from 13.2 in 2011 to 9.8 in 2017 (p = 0.003), and surgical resection rates from 24.1 to 18.0 (p < 0.001). The rate of CD-related hospitalizations per 1000 patients/year also fell, from 92.7 to 72.2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Biological drug use rose from 15.0% to 18.7% between 2011 and 2017. During this period, we observed an improvement in the outcomes of CD patients.