Objective: To investigate the role of HLA-B and HLA-DR genes as contributors to genetic susceptibility and clinical expression of the spondyloarthropathies (SpA) , OR=28.7), HLA-DR1 (pC=0.045, OR=2.77), and HLA-B15 (p=0.034, pC=NS, OR=2.04) alleles in the whole group were found. HLA-B27 strength of association (OR) was 41.4 in AS; 20.9 in undifferentiated SpA; 27.2 in reactive arthritis. HLA-DR1 and HLA-B15 were increased in undifferentiated SpA (pC=0.045, OR=2.98 and p=0.004, pC=NS, OR=2.75). By analysing 58 HLA-B27 negative patients it was found that HLA-B15 and HLA-DR1 associations with SpA were independent of HLA-B27; increased frequencies of HLA-B15 were found in the whole SpA group and in patients with undifferentiated SpA (pC=0.03, OR=3.09 and pC<0.01, OR=3.77) and of HLA-DR1 in the latter (p=0.04, pC=NS, OR=3.15). HLA-B27 positive patients were younger than HLA-B27 negative patients at onset (p=0.03), but HLA-DR1 positive patients were older than HLA-DR1 negative patients (p=0.03). Bath indices for disease activity and functioning were higher in HLA-B27 positive patients (p=0.006 and p=0.004 v HLA-B27 negative patients). In contrast, neither HLA-DR1 nor HLA-B15 influenced these indices. Conclusion: Apart from HLA-B27, there is a significant association of HLA-DR1 and HLA-B15 with SpA in Mexicans which is independent of B27. HLA-B27 is associated with younger age at onset and increased disease severity and HLA-DR1 with older age at onset. The strength of HLA-B15, HLA-B27, and HLA-DR1 associations varied in different forms of SpA.T he spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by axial as well as peripheral enthesitis and arthritis and less commonly by a range of extra-articular manifestations. SpA are strongly linked to genetic factors and in some patients to infections with arthritogenic bacteria. Their presentation and clinical course seem, additionally, influenced by ethnicity, age at onset, and sex.

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Resumo Doze pacientes com idades entre 7 a 12 anos, na forma indeterminada da doença de Chagas, com sorologia e xenodiagnóstico positivos, receberam tratamento específico. Dois pacientes tomaram 7mg/kg de nifurtimox durante 60 e 90 dias e 10 usaram 5-7mg/kg de benznidazol durante 60 dias. A evolução clínica foi verificada através de exame clínico, eletrocardiograma, exame radiológico contrastado do esôfago. Após o tratamento somente uma (8,3%) paciente apresentou todos os exames negativos. Oito deles foram avaliados após oito anos do tratamento e 4 acompanhados durante 20 anos. Sete (58,4%) permaneceram na forma indeterminada e 4 (33,3%) chagásicos progrediram clinicamente para cardiopatia grau II e/ou esofagopatia, apesar do tratamento precoce. São necessários estudos com maior número de crianças na fase indeterminada e acompanhamento a longo prazo para se estabelecer a influência do tratamento específico na evolução da doença de Chagas. Palavras chaves: Doença de Chagas. Fase indeterminada. Tratamento específico. Evolução clínica.Abstract Twelve chagasic patients between the ages of seven and twelve, in the indeterminate phase with serology and xenodiagnosis positive, received the specific treatment. Eight of these were evaluated after an eight-year treatment period and four were followed-up during 20 years. Two patients took 7mg/kg of nifurtimox during sixty and ninety days and ten of these used 5-7mg/kg of benznidazole during 60 days. The clinical outcome was verified through clinical examination, electrocardiogram and contrasted X-ray of the esophagus. After the treatment, only one patient presented negativity in all the examinations. Seven (58.4%) remained in the indeterminate form and despite the precocious treatment four chagasic patients (33.3%) progressed clinically to second degree cardiopathy and/or megaesophagus.

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