Minimally invasive surgery demands the development and maintenance of the specialized surgeon's psychomotor skills. These skills can be measured objectively through hybrid and virtual training systems. Of which, the most advanced, integrates force feedback systems and augmented reality graphics. However, these systems are inaccessible because of their high cost, limiting the expected academic impact. In this article, we propose a computerized system for an objective evaluation, which can be integrated into any physical trainer at a low cost.

No abstract

Various studies describe the magnetic excitation generated by coils, however the electromagnetic component is present when using this type of device. For this reason, the objective of this article is to present a system of magnetic excitation of low magnitude and variable frequency that does not include the electromagnetic component.

No abstract