ABSTRACT. Five different similarity coefficients (Jaccard, Sorensen-Dice, simple matching, Rogers and Tanimoto, and Russel and Rao) were evaluated and 10 wild olives analyzed with RAPD markers. The influence of the similarity coefficients on wild olives clustering was investigated. Forty-five primers were used on samples from 10 wild olives (Wild 1 and 2 obtained from Mugla province; Wild 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 from Manisa province and Wild 9 and 10 from Izmir province of Turkey). The similarity matrices obtained from RAPD markers were compared by the Mantel test. Cluster analysis was made with UPGMA dendrograms, and the consensus fork indexes between all pairs of dendrograms were calculated. The Jaccard and Sorensen-Dice coefficients gave the same results, due to the fact that both exclude negative co-occurrences. The dendrograms using the simple matching and Rogers and Tanimoto coefficients were similar; Wild 4 (Akhisar, Manisa) and Wild 9 (Bornova, Izmir) olives had the closest genetic similarities. This occurred because these coefficients include negative co-occurrences. The Russel and Rao coefficients produced different results, because they include negative co-occurrences in the denominator. We concluded that the coefficients that Similarity coefficients for cluster analysis in wild olives do not include negative co-occurrences are more efficient for studies of wild olives clustering based on RAPD markers.

No abstract

Wild olives or oleaster (Olea europaea ssp. oleaster) are found naturally in the Mediterranean basin. The changes in climate and environmental conditions have been gradually accelerating in the last decades. Since oleasters are more resistant to diseases, pests and unfavorable environmental conditions, they have become a very important source for resistance breeding studies that would be required in the future. Twelve inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used; the effectiveness of these markers was studied and different parameters such as effective multiplex ratio, marker index, resolving power, and polymorphic information content, Shannon information index (I), effective allele number (ne), and Nei's genetic distance (h) were used in the determination of genetic varieties of 18 oleasters grown in Turkey. When both marker systems were analyzed in this study, it was observed that MI, RP and EMR parameters in ISSR gave higher values than RAPD while ne, I, and h were lower in ISSRs. Neighbourjoining dendrograms were developed by using Nei's genetic distance matrix, and principal coordinate analysis was performed.