Percutaneous musculoskeletal procedures are widely accepted as low invasive, highly effective, efficient and safe methods in a vast amount of hip pathologies either in diagnostic or in therapeutic management. Hip intra-articular injections are used for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis. Peritendinous or intrabursal corticosteroid injections can be used for the symptomatic treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome and anterior iliopsoas impingement. In past decades, the role of interventional radiology has rapidly increased in metastatic disease, thanks to the development of many ablative techniques. Image-guided percutaneous ablation of skeletal metastases provides a minimally invasive treatment option that appears to be a safe and effective palliative treatment for localized painful lytic lesion. Methods of tumour destruction based on temperature, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryotherapy, are performed for the management of musculoskeletal metastases. MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery provides a non-invasive alternative to these ablative methods. Cementoplasty is now widely used for pain management and consolidation of acetabular metastases and can be combined with RFA. RFA is also used to treat benign tumours, namely osteoid osteomas. New interventional procedures such as percutaneous screw fixation are also proposed to treat non-displaced or minimally displaced acetabular roof fractures. INTRODUCTIONHip intra-articular injections have been used for many years as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic tool and even today remain an effective treatment for osteoarthritis providing pain relief. Ultrasound guidance can be used for injections in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome and CT scan guidance for corticosteroid injection in the management of anterior iliopsoas impingement after total hip arthroplasty. Interventional radiology plays a major role in the management of bone tumours. Several image-guided percutaneous ablation methods have proved effective for palliation of metastases involving bone and for the treatment of benign bone tumours, namely osteoid osteoma. To treat pain and consolidate the bone, cementoplasty could be required. In the therapeutic management of acetabular fractures, the combination of CT and fluoroscopy guidance could have a place in treating non-displaced or minimally displaced acetabular roof fractures.

Tractography (or fiber tracking) consists of three-dimensional modeling of the preferential movement of water molecules in the form of fiber tracks from the tensor field information. This technique allows a new approach for the microarchitectural analysis of anisotropic structures such as nerves, white matter, and muscles. Many disorders have been studied including cervical myelopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve root compression, and nerve tumors. Muscles have been less evaluated. Tractography is still a research technique, and its validation and widespread routine clinical use will require a good deal of work toward a harmonization of the MRI protocols and data postprocessing methods.

Les nombreux cas de trépanations crâniennes dans les populations anciennes sont identifiés très majoritairement à partir de la forme de l'ouverture pratiquée sur la voûte. En l'absence de traces caractéristiques des outils du praticien, il est toutefois toujours possible qu'il s'agisse d'une « pseudo-trépanation », c'est-à-dire d'un orifice d'origine pathologique ou taphonomique mimant l'allure d'une ouverture anthropique. Notre étude a pour but d'améliorer le travail de comparaison du diagnostic différentiel grâce à la création d'une base de données recensant les multiples facteurs responsables de lacunes de la voûte crânienne. Ce référentiel a permis l'élaboration d'un outil interactif de soutien au diagnostic différentiel sur la plateforme collaborative de gestion de données Xper3, la première de ce type. Notre revue bibliographique de la littérature anthropologique et médicale a rassemblé dans une base de données les caractéristiques morphologiques des lacunes produites par 79 étiologies en fonction de 13 critères de description quantitatifs et qualitatifs. La comparaison d'un cas archéologique avec des cas connus par l'intermédiaire de l'outil interactif facilite alors le travail de recherches comparatives, oriente l'observateur vers des étiologies potentiellement compatibles et consolide le diagnostic différentiel en augmentant rapidement le nombre de facteurs à discuter.

Trepanation is a surgical procedure commonly performed on the cranium in vivo, which is long known to have prehistoric origins (Prunières, 1874; Broca, 1877; Manouvrier, 1903; Lucas-Championnière, 1912). However, the issue of a reliable diagnosis in archaeological contexts remains problematic, particularly in cases that showed signs of healing. The oldest archaeological cases

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