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Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research Station in El-Serw, Agricultural Research Center during the seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of mineral nitrogen and organic nitrogen of compost combination treatments on grain and straw yield and N, P, K-uptake in grain and straw of some wheat varieties. The experiments were carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. Main plots were assigned to three wheat cultivars i.e., Sakha 93, Gemmiza 9 and Gemmiza 10. The sub main plots were devoted to mineral nitrogen and compost combination treatments as follows: 100% inorganic nitrogen (90 kg fed -1 ), 75% inorganic nitrogen (67.5 kg fed -1 ) + 25 % organic nitrogen (22.5 kg fed -1 ), 50% inorganic nitrogen (45.0 kg fed -1 ) + 50 % organic nitrogen (45.0 kg fed -1 ), 25 % inorganic nitrogen (22.5 kg fed -1 ) + 75% organic nitrogen (67.5 kg fed -1 ) and 100 % organic nitrogen (90 kg fed -1 ). Obtained results showed that the greatest values of wheat grain , straw yields , N, P and K uptake in both grain and straw were those of Gemmeza 10, Gemmeza 9 and Sakha 93, respectively and 100% inorganic nitrogen, 75% inorganic nitrogen + 25% organic nitrogen, 50 % inorganic nitrogen + 50% organic nitrogen, 25% inorganic nitrogen + 75% organic nitrogen and 100% organic nitrogen, respectively. 100% inorganic nitrogen for Gemmiza 10 gave the highest wheat grain and straw yields and N, P, and K uptake in grain and straw. While, applying 75% inorganic nitrogen with 25% organic nitrogen produced economic wheat grain and straw yields for Sakha 93 only. So, 25% inorganic nitrogen, could be saved, and environmental pollution with mineral-N fertilizers could also be reduced. As well as improved soil properties i.e increased hydraulic conductivity,on the contrary,bulk density,Ece and pH values were decreased.

A field experiment was conducted during two successive years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) in a clay saline soil located at South of El-Hussynia plain, Research Station ,Port-Said Governorate, Egypt. This study aims to evaluate the utilization efficiency of some industrial byproducts i.e. Sugar lime, vinasse, bypass , pyrite (FeS2) and aluminum sulfate (Al2 (SO4)318H2O) individual and interaction among them as a soil amendments and their effects on improving some chemical and physical properties of saline sodic soils, comparing with gypsum application, under Intermittent leaching technique was adopted using El-Salam canal water. The results showed that the chemical and physical properties of the studied soil were clearly improved due to amendments addition. The common parameters of saline sodic soil i.e., EC, pH, ESP, RSE, B.D, P.R, and WTD were clearly improved. The superior improvement of these parameters was resulted from T8, T9 andT7. The amendment can be arranged, ascending as follows: T1< T2< T10< T6< T3< T5< T4< T11< T13< T12< T7< T9< T8 for both surface and subsurface layers. The final aim is to displace Na from an exchange complex and replace it with Ca, leading to a decrease of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) or increased removal sodium efficiency (RSE) consequently improvement of soil structure. An additional advantage to this strategy is that any mixture is inexpensive and ready available in large quantities in contrast to gypsum in this study.

The amount of water available to Egypt is limited and present water demands approaches that limit. For this reason, plans were suggested to re-use agricultural drainage water directly or often mixing with fresh water to extend the limited water supplies. The indiscriminate use of drainage water for irrigation as a result of freshwater shortage could impair soil functions and cause environmental pollution. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of wastewater from different sources, for irrigation purposes in the Northern Nile Delta of Egypt. Therefore, this study was carried out on three water drainage sources El-Gamalia , El-Serw and El-Harna drain with El-Shoka canal as a fresh water source as the control along a year starting from May 2016 to February 2018. The EC, SAR and the concentration of some macronutrients and some heavy elements in the water of all sources are evaluated. Water EC and SAR value increased slightly from upstream to downstream of all irrigation sources in the study area. The quality of study drainage water from drains belongs to C3 S1 and C4 S1 classes and could be re-use in irrigation purpose under special management, while the water from El-Shoka canal belongs to C2 S1 in the study area. Phosphorus concentration in sample water from El-Gamalia drain only was greater than 2 mg L-1 , which indicate this water can't be used for irrigation purpose. Also, Nitrate-N concentrations in water samples from El-Gamalia drain only was between 5-30 mg L-1 , therefore there is a slight to moderate degree of restriction when using this water in irrigation. While heavy metal ions concentration (Ni, Co and Cd) was greater than permissible levels at all selected water samples, except water samples from El-Shoka canal from a distance of 0 km to 4 km. While, Pb concentration was less than the critical limits (5 mg L-1). The conclusion from this study could be re-used of drainage water from drains of the northern delta of Egypt for irrigation purpose under special management.

Two field experiments were carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station during 2011 and 2012 summer growing seasons to investigate the effects of applied N, P and K on peanut yield, quality and some macronutrients (N, P and K) uptake in sandy soils. Results showed that Ismailia-1 genotype surpassed Gregory genotype regarding plant growth, yield components and pod, seed quality except number of branches plant-1 and pod yield fed.-1 and N, P and K uptake in peanut seeds. Increasing N, P and K rates from (30-30-24 to 60-45-48kg NPK fed.-1) significantly increased plant height, number of branches plant-1 , seed weightplant-1 , pod yield fed.-1 ,100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, shelling % and N, P and K-uptake. Results also showed that the interaction among genotypes and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization had significant effects on all studied traits in both seasons. Also pod yield (kg fed.-1) was positively correlated with all studied characters. Generally, Ismailia-1 genotype as well as (60,45and 48 kg NPK fed.-1) gave the highest values of most studied traits in the both seasons.