Background Collagen vascular diseases are a diverse set of autoimmune disorders that can affect any part of the pulmonary system. Purpose This study aimed to identify the frequency, severity, pattern, and outcome of pleuropulmonary involvement in collagen vascular diseases among a cohort of Egyptian population. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 cases, who were diagnosed as collagen vascular disease (fulfilling the published classification criteria for each disease) and developed respiratory symptoms. The included cases were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination, and investigations included mainly chest imaging (high-resolution computed tomography for all cases, chest ultrasound, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography when needed), pulmonary functions tests, and echo. Follow-up of patients was done at the end of hospital stay and at 1 month after discharge. Results The mean age of the studied population was 44.34 ± 14.22 years with female predominance representing 74% of cases. The most common diagnosed collagen vascular disease was rheumatoid arthritis in 42% of cases, followed by systemic lupus in 38% of the cases. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom among the studied patients in 70% of cases. Parenchymal involvement was the most common involvement among 86% of the cases followed by pulmonary vascular involvement in 62% of the cases. The outcome among the included patients was improvement in 54% of cases, partial improvement in 20% of cases, stationary in 20% of cases, and 6% of included cases died at the end of hospital stay. Conclusion Parenchymal involvement and pulmonary hypertension were, respectively, the most pleuropulmonary involvement in collagen vascular diseases among a cohort of Egyptian population. Mortality rate was higher among systemic lupus patients in activity with other parenchymal involvement group and interstitial lung disease.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of irrigating three types of wood trees (i.e. Cupressus sempervirens, Corymbia citriodora and Khaya senegalensis) by treated wastewater as compared with irrigating by fresh water on their biomass growth rate as well as accumulation of different elements in the soil sites. Two experimental field trials were conducted over two consecutive seasons 2018 and 2019 at the two sites. The first site was in the experimental field at the Serapium Forest Plantation in Ismailia governorate, which was dedicated to the safe disposal of treated sewage water, planted with various wooden trees, while the second farm is located at Groppy Nursery in Giza Governorate-West Bank of the Nile where the fresh water(Nil water) was used for irrigation. The study was conducted on the growth of the wood mass above the soil surface of the three tree species. The results showed highly significant growth differences between both locations. The use of treated sewage led to a superiority in the growth of the living mass for tree species compared to those irrigated with fresh water, as it achieved the stock of the wood mass of trees that irrigated with treated sewage (2.68375, 2.44200 And 1.71693 M3 per/ tree) for Khaya senegalensis, Corymbia citriodora and Cupressus sempervirens trees, respectively. The trees showed that Khaya senegalensis gave the highest .values among the three types. Regarding the presence of minerals and their accumulation of soil under trees, the Serapium Forest Plantation has achieved the highest values for the accumulation of macro and micro-