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A rubber polymer (EPDM, ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer) vulcanized was cracked to paraffinic oil (PO) in NaOH-containing supercritical water (SCW) at 420 °C and 30 MPa. The SCW polymer cracking in not oxidative but reductive. The 13C-NMR analysis of PO obtained by SCW D2O cracking demonstrates that the terminal methyl carbons are deuterated as a clear indication of hydrogen supply by SCW in the cracking.

Articles you may be interested inEffects of alloying additions in the CrMo underlayer on the grain size and magnetic properties of CoCrPt longitudinal mediaEffects of Ti addition to a Cr underlayer on the magnetic and crystallographic properties of Co-Cr-Pt media were investigated. C/Co-Cr 20 -Pt ͑Pt: 8 and 12 at. %͒/Cr-Ti ͑Ti: 0-30 at. %͒ films were deposited on textured Ni-P/Al-Mg substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. In-plane H c and S* increased as Ti was added to the Cr underlayer. The media noise at 167 kFCI decreased with an increase of the Ti content from 0 to 20 at. %. The normalized media noise of Co 72 Cr 20 Pt 8 /Cr 75 Ti 25 media was 20% lower than that of Co 68 Cr 20 Pt 12 /Cr 90 Ti 10 media where their coercivity and S* were almost the same. Further increase of the Ti caused the increase of the media noise. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that average grain size of Cr-Ti films decreased from 30 to 20 nm with the increase of the Ti content from 0 to 20 at. %. The activation volume of Co 68 Cr 20 Pt 12 films measured from the time dependences of remanence coercivity decreased by 30% as the Ti content increased from 0 to 20 at. %. The reduction of media noise is probably due to the decrease of the magnetic switching volume which is caused by the reduction of the grain size of Cr-Ti underlayers.

We have investigated the Co/Pd multilayer media with a Pd–SiN granular seed layer as perpendicular recording media. The Pd–SiN granular seed layer and the Co(0.2 nm)/Pd(0.8 nm) multilayer were formed by dc and rf sputtering at room temperature on a FeTaC soft magnetic underlayer. The Pd–SiN granular seed layer of 3 nm was very effective to get good magnetic properties with coercivity of 3.9 kOe, a nucleation field of −2.1 kOe, and a M–H slope parameter 4π(dM/dH)H=Hc of 1.4. In addition, it was found that growth of multilayer grains is sensitive to surface conditions of the soft magnetic underlayer. The average column diameter of 13.7 nm with a dispersion of 21.7% was evaluated from the plan-view transmission electron microscope image of well-separated Co/Pd columns with a boundary, which was grown on the Pd–SiN seed layer and the soft magnetic underlayer with Ar plasma etching. Atomic force microscope measurements showed that mean roughness (Ra) of the FeTaC surface decreased from 0.46 to 0.39 nm by the plasma etching. This surface treatment on the soft magnetic underlayer gave better signal to noise ratio by 1.6 dB in playback performance by using of a spin stand with a merged-type ring writer and giant magnetoresistance reader.

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