Due to the increase of consumption of food products by the population, especially of animal origin, the need of the livestock industry including sheep breeding for high-quality feed from an ecological point of view also increases. Recently, insects have received a lot of attention as a source of feed protein in the diet of farm animals. This is evidenced by numerous studies on the nutritional value and use of larvae of Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), Green-bottle fly (Lucilia Caesar), House fly (Musca domestica), meal worm (Tenebrio molitor), silkworms (Bombyx mori), and crickets (Gryllusbi maculatus) as food for farm animals. It is well known from foreign literature sources about the use of additive from silkworm pupae in the ration of sheep, as well as meal from crickets as the source of protein in the diet of lambs. The silkworm is a monophage eats in only at the caterpillar stage absorbing and accumulating the necessary nutrients and water from the mulberry leaves. The analysis of the works of foreign authors shows that the protein content in the silkworm caterpillars depending on the breed ranges from 63,02 to 67,99 %. However, the analysis of the content of the main nutrients in the section of silkworm breeds as well as the age of the caterpillars was not carried out in the works of domestic scientists. This research presents data on the nutrient content and metabolic energy in silkworm caterpillars by age depending on the breed for further development of the feed additive from silkworm biomass and its use in sheep breeding. In the course of the conducted research, the following results have been obtained. So, at the end of the 4th age on average the caterpillars have a body length of 4,5–5,0 cm, the weight of one caterpillar is 0,6–0,7 g. The largest size and weight are the caterpillars on 10 days of the 5th age; their body length on average for the studied breeds was 8,0–8,5 cm, the weight of one caterpillar was 4,5–5,5 g. The optimal stage of development of silkworm caterpillars for the production of feed additive is 10 days in the 5th age. During this period the caterpillars of the studied breeds Kavkaz-1, Kavkaz-2, Belokokonnaya-1, Belokokonnaya-2 contain protein from 62,71 to 66,55 %, fat from 14,81 to 16,95 %, fi ber from 2,36 to 2,81 %, ash 4,39–3,96 % and nitrogen-free extractive substances 9,31–15,81 % in absolutely dry matter. The highest content of nutrients and metabolic energy is allocated to the breeds Belokokonnaya-2 (protein – 66,55 %, fat – 16,95 %, metabolic energy – 20,86 MJ/kg) and Kavkaz-2 (protein – 64,10 %, fat – 15,59 %, metabolic energy – 20,24 MJ/kg).

This article presents a method for leveling the stages of development of the embryo in the egg and an improved incubation regime for the Caucasus-1 and Caucasus-2 silkworm breeds zoned in the Russian Federation, which help to increase the livability of eggs and maintain a high level of economic and useful characteristics (viability and silk productivity) silkworm breeding.

Представлены результаты изучения влияния кормовой добавки из биомассы тутового шелкопряда (БТШ) на количественные и качественные показатели спермопродукции хряков-производителей породы СМ-1. БТШ представляет собой порошок из высушенных гусениц тутового шелкопряда влажностью 3-4 %. БТШ содержит 53,5 % белков, 5,53 % липидов, при этом аминокислотный состав характеризуется высоким содержанием незаменимых аминокислот, по общему количеству которых БТШ не только не уступает, а даже несколько превосходит мясо-костную муку. Доказана эффективность скармливания исследуемой кормовой добавки: повышение объема эякулята, концентрации и подвижности сперматозоидов, оплодотворяющей способности спермы, а также возможность замены мясо-костной муки на кормовую добавку из биомассы тутового шелкопряда в рационах хряков-производителей.Рекомендуется скармливать кормовую добавку из биомассы тутового шелкопряда порядка 3 % дополнительно к основному рациону, также возможна замена мясо-костной муки на такой же объем кормовой добавки БТШ в основном рационе хряковпроизводителей. Учитывая конкурентоспособность по цене с мясо-костной мукой (по предварительным расчетам стоимость кормовой добавки из биомассы тутового шелкопряда составит порядка 15 руб. за кг), получение БТШ является актуальным направлением в обеспечении высокоценным белковым компонентов рациона при организации полноценного кормления хряков-производителей.Ключевые слова: тутовый шелкопряд, кормовая добавка, спермопродукция, хряки-производители.The article covers the results of studies carried out to evaluate the influence of mulberry silkworm biomass (SB) meal on qualitative and quantitative indices of semen of breeding boars CM-1. SB feed additive is a powder made of dried-up mulberry silkworm larvae, with 3-4 % humidity. SB contains 53.5 % of proteins, 5.53 % of lipids, and the amino-acid structure is characterized by high content of key amino acids, which is a lot higher than in meat-and-bone meal. The results herein indicate the efficiency of feeding silkworm meal to breeding boars as to the increase of volumes of ejaculate, concentration and mobility of germ cells and their fertility and also the possibility of replacement of meat and bone meal with SB meal as feed for breeding boars.It is recommended to add 3 % of silkworm biomass feed additive to the main diet. It is also possible to replace meat-andbone meal by the same quantity of SB feed additive in the main diet of the breeding boars.Considering the price competitiveness (according to preliminary calculations, the cost of SB feed additive will be about 15 rubles per kg), production of feed additive from mulberry silkworm biomass is a current trend for providing high-valuable proteinaceous nutrition for breeding boars.

МЕТОДИКА ПО ПРОВЕДЕНИЮ ЭСТИВАЦИИ, ЗИМОВКИ И ИНКУБАЦИИ ГРЕНЫ ПОРОД ТУТОВОГО ШЕЛКОПРЯДА СО СМЕШАННЫМ ГЕНОТИПОМ ЦИКЛИЧНОСТИ В ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ Евлагина Елена Григорьевна Научный сотрудник, Научно-исследовательская станция шелководствафилиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр», г. Железноводск, пос. Иноземцево Богословский Василий Васильевич Канд. биол. наук, директор, Научно-исследовательская станция шелководствафилиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр», г. Железноводск, пос. Иноземцево Лейнвебер Евдокия Федотовна Канд. сельхоз. наук, научный сотрудник, Научно-исследовательская станция шелководствафилиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр», г. Железноводск, пос. Иноземцево АННОТАЦИЯ:Цель проводимых исследований заключалась в разработке методики и технологической схемы по проведению эстивации, зимовки и инкубации грены для пород тутового шелкопряда со смешанным генотипом цикличности в онтогенезе. Методика разработана с учетом вольтинности пород, позволяет определять, поддерживать и регулировать вольтинность. Режим эстивации и зимнего хранения способствует формированию стабильной, глубокой диапаузы грены для дальнейшего зимнего хранения как для моновольтинных, так и для бивольтинных пород, не снижает качество грены, дает высокий процент оживления во время инкубации на следующий год.ABSTRACT:The purpose of the conducted researches consists in development of a technique and the technological scheme on carrying out an estivation, a wintering and an incubation of a silkworm eggs (grena) for breeds of a silkworm with the mixed recurrence genotype in ontogenesis. The technique is developed taking into account a voltinnost of breeds, allows to define, support also regulations a voltinnost. The mode of an estivation and winter storage promotes formation of a stable, deep diapauza of a grena for further winter storage both for monovoltinny, and for bivoltinny breeds, does not reduce quality of a grena, gives high percent of revival during an incubation the next year.Ключевые слова: тутовый шелкопряд, грена, инкубация, эстивация, вольтинность

Relevance. A significant number of new projects have been implemented in the last decade in the segment of alternative protein sources used as feed or food ingredients. New ventures receive significant investments from the largest global companies and foundations, that believe insect protein has the highest potential of all other sources of protein. In addition to the main reasons for the usage of alternative proteins, which are demographics and climate changes, other reasons include higher nutritional value and sustainability, smaller ecological footprint, more profitable industrial production in comparison to animal husbandry and aquaculture. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance and economic indicators of the most efficient traditional production system for obtaining animal protein, which is poultry farming (in particular, the production of poultry meat breeds of broilers, Gallus gallus) with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), that is cultivated in the EU mainly to obtain a high-protein ingredient used as an alternative to fishmeal in animal feed and aquaculture, and silkworm (Bombyx mori) which is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, India, Brazil, but hardly considered in the Russian Federation, US, and EU as an alternative source of animal protein.Methods. Collection and analysis of public data: information presented in research papers, recommendations from scientific organizations, available commercial information and news publications that help identify data for comparative analysis of production systems. The research methodology is based on a theoretical approach using methods of analysis, induction, deduction, comparison, generalization, and synthesis.Results. Bombyx mori can be viewed as a preferred alternative to traditional protein sources based on a combination of performance and economic indicators such as productive efficiency, production yield per 1 m2 the of feeding area, number of production cycles per year. According to these indicators, it is comparable or superior to Broiler chicken.