The formation of hay fever as a form of allergic pathology in children is determined by the sensitization of the growing organism to pollen allergens with the production of specific IgE and significant influence of atopy. Comprehensively there were examined 45 adolescents of 10-17 years, suffering from hay fever. Serum cytokine content was determined by ELISA. Adolescents suffering from hay fever, in the remission of the disease were established to show an increase of production IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, accompanied by an increase in total serum IgE level. It indicates to the prevalence of Th2-immune response and participation of atopy in their development. The elevation of the IL-12 serum level in adolescents suffering from hay fever, more pronounced in patients with chronic inflammatory pathology of the upper respiratory tract, is possibly aimed at the reinforcement of the synthesis of IFN-a and suppression of the excessive Th2- immune response. The development of Th1/Th2 imbalance with predominance of Th2 immune response and changes in the cytokine status in examined adolescents are the determining factors for the occurrence of diseases due to pollen sensitization in them. The study of the assembly of various cytokines in pollenoses permits to destine about the functional activity of various cells of the immune system, the severity of the allergic process, the degree of activation of Th2 and Th1 lymphocytes, which should be considered in the treatment of these forms of allergic diseases in children.

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Background. Vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps (MRM) is the most effective and safe way to prevent these infections. To assess the quality of immunization, it is rational to control vaccination coverage and carry out serological monitoring in decreed groups. Aim. Performance of serological monitoring of the antibodies level to measles, rubella, and mumps pathogens in schoolchildren aged 11-17 years in seven regions of the Russian Federation and assessing vaccination coverage for these infections in these two regions. Materials and methods. In 1000 schoolchildren aged 11-12 years and 897 cases of 15-17 years residing in seven regions of the Russian Federation 1897 sera samples were obtained to study antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps pathogens by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In 418 schoolchildren from Smolensk and Yakutsk, the vaccine status for measles, rubella, and mumps was evaluated on the basis of a retrospective analysis of individual medical records (certificate of vaccinations). Results. The percentage of seropositivity for mumps was equal to the level of 90.5%, which is within the acceptable level according to the criteria for epidemic welfare. A protective level of measles and rubella antibodies was found only in 62.8% and 79% of children, respectively. This can lead to an increase in the incidence of infection and outbreaks of infection. Moreover, our data confirm a satisfactory (>95%) coverage with vaccination and revaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps in 2 studied regions. The reasons for the high percentage of seronegative individuals to measles and rubella viruses may include the use of low-quality vaccines, the different immunological efficacy of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine components and primary and secondary vaccination failures. For measles, it may also be affected by the reason of the absence of boosting by the wild virus in individuals vaccinated because of a decrease in the intensity virus circulation at the elimination stage of the disease. The possibility of providing inaccurate data for vaccinations cannot be excluded as well. Serological monitoring of collective immunity has the utmost importance in the system of epidemiological surveillance of MRM with the high vaccination coverage of children on required timeframes.

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