Introduction. Human immunodeficiency virus infection can alter properties of blood vessels in children and increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in the future. Today the actual contribution of the effects of both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy into such changes remains unknown. Objective. We seek to assess adverse events, including metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias), underlying antiretroviral therapy, and to determine the relation between metabolic disorders and intima injury in children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Materials and methods. The adverse events were investigated within the framework of a prospective and retrospective study. The study included evaluation of biochemical parameters in relation to the therapeutic regimen; calculation of atherogenic index of plasma; and determination of incidence of dyslipidemia in children. In addition to standard tests, children on ART were evaluated for insulin resistance (using HOMA-IR) and submitted to diagnostic imaging including Doppler ultrasonography of brachiocephalic arteries and veins.Results. Children on protease inhibitor-based ART have higher total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels in comparison to both children on NNRTI-based ART and children who do not receive ART. LDL levels in children on long-term ART remained within the tolerance range and were clearly higher than those in children who did not receive ART. Carotid IMT was higher in children on NNRTI-based ART in comparison to those who received protease inhibitor-based therapy; and the correlation analysis conducted revealed positive correlation between the age and carotid IMT: The later ART was prescribed, the greater IMT was, which most likely was attributable to HIV effects.Conclusion. Prescription of antiretroviral therapy at an older age results in changes in the intima-media complex, which may give evidence to vasoprotective effects of the therapy. Since HIV is directly involved in causing injury to the intima, it is advisable to start managing HIV infection in children as soon as they are diagnosed with the infection; and children to whom ART is prescribed at an older age and who develop dyslipidemia should be additionally evaluated by medical imaging with Doppler ultrasonography with carotid IMT measurement.

Work objective: justification and development of algorithm for observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples at the stage of planning parenthood, including using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Sverdlovsk region territory. Materials and methods. Statistical data were obtained from the materials of personal registration of people living with AIDS in State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Sverdlovsk region «Sverdlovsk Regional Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS». 27 thousands of women of reproductive age and 31 thousands of men diagnosed with HIV infection were revealed in the region as of the end of 2018. On the basis of infectious disease department of State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Sverdlovsk region «Sverdlovsk Regional Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS» a retrospective chart review for HIV-serodiscordant couples planning parenthood was held with using ART or the natural way. Statistical processing of data was carried out using Statistica 6 software. Results and discussion. The results of the survey showed the necessity of observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples from the stage of planning parenthood. Characteristics of partners were described with account for age, epidemiological anamnesis, laboratory parameters and final outcomes of conception with using ART or the natural way. Conclusion. Necessity of development of algorithms for observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples at the stage of planning parenthood was shown as these algorithms allow to determine case follow-up approach with the involvement of infectious disease physician and obstetrician-gynaecologist.

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Congenital anomalies of the upper limbs are rare and etiologically heterogeneous. Herein, we report a male infant with non-syndromic bilateral Type Vb ulnar longitudinal dysplasia with radiohumeral synostosis (apparent humeral bifurcation), and bilateral oligo-ectro-syndactyly who was born following an uncomplicated pregnancy, with no maternal use of prescription or illicit medication. Array CGH (60,000 probes) and chromosomal breakage analysis (DEB) were normal. Similar appearances have been reported in children exposed to thalidomide or cocaine, but sporadic patients have also been reported without a prior history of exposure to known teratogens.