A fully automated iterative design method has been developed by which an airfoil with a substantial amount of natural laminar flow can be designed, while maintaining other aerodynamic and geometric constraints. Drag reductions have been realized using the design method over a range of Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and airfoil thicknesses. The thrusts of the method are its ability to calculate a target NFactor distribution that forces the flow to undergo transition at the desired location; the target-pressure-NFactor relationship that is used to reduce the N-Factors in order to prolong transition; and its ability to design airfoils to meet lift, pitching moment, thickness and leading-edge radius constraints while also being able to meet the natural laminar flow constraint. The method uses several existing CFD codes and can design a new airfoil in only a few days using a Silicon Graphics IRIS workstation.

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We show that the process of photoionizing a gas of atomic hydrogen and helium by line radiation whose energy is slightly above the helium single-ionization threshold is unstable if the helium fraction by number is less than approximately one half. However, in the two scenarios we consider here, based on the Decaying Dark Matter (DDM) model of cosmological reionization, there is no significant growth. In the first scenario we consider ionization and recombination to be approximately in equilibrium. This is relevant to high photon flux rates and early reionization, but in that case the heating is balanced by Compton cooling, which is very stabilizing. In the second scenario we ignore recombination. This is relevant to low photon flux rates or to the last stage of the reionization. In that case there is too little growth on a cosmological time scale to be significant.Comment: 23 pages, AASTeX. Five postscript figures included. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal. Uses the Astrobib style for BibTeX; all necessaries are included, but see http://planxty.stsci.edu:1024:/astrobib/astrobib.html for how to simplify referencing in your papers. Uses TeX conditionals to produce preprints and submitable papers from the same source. The main file to LaTeX is he2.te