An engineering method was developed for determining the critical time of fire and determining the probability of evacuation of people from zone of fire, which makes it possible, with simplified dependencies, to quickly determine all the necessary factors in the evacuation process of people in case of fire in the building. To explain the use of the developed method, the sequence and example of determining the critical time of fire and determining the probability of evacuation of people from zone of fire for enterprise is considered. It was shown how one could calculate the time of evacuation of people from the premises from the zone of fire. The safety of people is provided when the time of evacuation does not exceed the time of the onset of the critical phase of the development of fire. For this purpose, the period for which the temperature, smoke density, oxygen concentration, hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gas reaches extremely dangerous values for a person was calculated. After determining all the necessary quantities, the probability of evacuation of people was analyzed in the absence of firefighting equipment in the building. The parameters determined by this new method are adequate and confirmed by other methods of calculation, in particular, developed by Hulida, Koval and FDS program. The relative error between the specified parameters does not exceed 8...12% (in comparison with other mentioned methods).

38 4) instant inclusion of smoke protection systems (smoke and heat removal system with opening mechanism) 5) automatic opening of evacuating doors; 6) instant inclusion of an automatic fire extinguishing system for objects.At the present stage, when installing fire protection systems (FPS) at the facility, a problem arises that they do not take into account for the facility, in order to reduce the cost of purchasing fire protection systems, the allowable service area for each device in the system. This approach leads to a decrease in the functionality of the fire protection system of the facility by 40...65 %. In turn, in case of fire at the facility, in this case, losses from the fire increase 2...3 times [1].Fire statistics indicate that the number of fires in warehouse buildings in Ukraine annually exceeds 130 [2]. In most cases, warehouses are burned to the ground for a large amount of fuel load and the failure of fire protection systems to ensure their fire safety. Over the course of 5 years, a significant number of fires occurred in the USA, namely 1210 in

No abstract

Purpose. To develop a method for reducing the impact of fires in unsheltered timber warehouses on the environmental safety by reducing the duration of free burning of timber, the speed of fire front spread, emissions of combustion products and the duration of the firefighting. Methodology. During the experimental research, the method of fractional factor experiment was used. Theoretical research was performed using optimization mathematical models. The Monte Carlo method is used to solve optimization problems. To implement this method, block diagrams of algorithms was developed, based on written corresponded computer programs. Findings. The method was developed for reducing the impact of fires in unsheltered timber warehouses on the environmental safety by reducing the duration of free development of the fire, the speed of fire front spread, the concentration of combustion products and the duration of the fire. Fire prevention measures to reduce the duration of fire and to reduce emissions of combustion products due to fires in unsheltered timber warehouses was implemented by using an automated system to determine the fire extinguishing means and forces by setting an optimization problem, applying the Monte Carlo method and developing software to solve it. Originality. The scientific novelty is the justification of ways to reduce the duration of the free development of fire and to reduce the amount of toxic emissions using optimization mathematical models. Practical value. It is possible to use the obtained results in the practical activities of fire and rescue units of the SES of Ukraine and provide environmental safety in case of fire in unsheltered timber warehouse due to the practical implementation of administrative, legal and economic methods.

Introduction. Fires in closed premises of production and storage facilities are the most dangerous, because they hold large areas with a significant fire load. The current direction of providing a fire safety system at production and storage facilities in closed premises is to eliminate the conditions of the rapid development of fire and minimizing its effect through the use of fire curtains. This method of fire protection is practically not used in closed premises of production and storage facilities at the present stage. In most cases, fire partitions are used in such situations. Therefore, a topic issue today is the research of limiting the development of fires with the use of fire partitions and minimizing fire effects.Purpose. Investigate the process of spreading the fire in closed premises of production and storage facilities by using fire partitions to limit the speed of fire spread. Problem statement and solution. The following tasks must be solved to provide fire protection of production and storage facilities:1. to investigate the process of fire spread in closed premises of production and storage facilities without the use of fire partitions;2. to investigate the impact of fire partitions use on fire rate.Two possible modes of development fire in the premises are considered to solve the first problem: 1) with the presence of sufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated ventilation.It is necessary to choose the material and fire partition design accordingly to solve the second problem. The results of experimental studies [11] showed that fire partitions vermiculite-silicate plates can be used for various building structures manufacturing. Closed production and storage facilities structure analysis showed that these premises are constructed in most cases with a grid of columns 9Х12 m.Conclusions and proposals:1) There is only the first mode of fire with sufficient oxygen (air) in closed premises of production and storage facilities with a total area of more than 5000 m2 in the process of fire. The fire that occurred is regulated only by the fire load.2) The use of fire partitions between sections of the premises of production and storage facilities reduces the probability of fire spreading in the premises by about 3 times.3) It is necessary to continue research work in this direction to obtain more significant results of the process of development and spread of fire in the premises of production and storage facilities.