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The owl monkey is used in experimental ocular studies, but little data are available regarding its aqueous humor dynamics. We determined aqueous humor flow rate (AHF), anterior chamber elimination coefficient (Ke), and corneal endothelial transfer coefficient (Ka) fluorophotometrically; total outflow facility (C) by 2-level constant pressure perfusion; and the facility response to intravenous and intracameral pilocarpine in pentobarbital anesthetized owl monkeys. Baseline values (mean +/- S.E.M., n eyes) were: AHF = 1.52 +/- 0.14 microliter X min-1, n = 24; Ke = 6.54 +/- 0.65 min-1 X 10(-3), n = 24; Ka = 3.84 +/- 0.40 min-1 X 10(-3), n = 24; C = 0.35 +/- 0.03 microliter X min-1 X mm Hg-1, n = 26. Intracameral pilocarpine caused a dose-dependent facility increase, with the maximum response (a tripling of resting facility) occurring between 20 and 100 micrograms; intravenous pilocarpine, 2 mg/kg, also doubled to tripled facility. With certain qualifications, these findings are comparable to those in other primate species and confirm the usefulness of the owl monkey in carefully chosen experimental studies of aqueous dynamics.