Experimentally the filling of a single capillary-condenser in the transverse to the gradient of electrical field current was studied. ERF on the basis of polymethyloxane fluids or mineral oil that consist of activated particles of SiO 2 with the weight concentration 5-30% were observed. The dependence of position of meniscus, its crookedness and the height of near-wall layer on the tension of electrical influence and time were measured. The variants of usage of homogeneous and gradient on the axis of the capillary electrical fields were studied. In the experiments consolidation of the middle area of meniscus and lengthening of its near-wall area and also the change of the speed of its filling while the intensity of electrical influence increased was found.

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In this work it is proposed to use special lubricant materials with the properties manageable by electric field. Such lubricant materials allow to provide the viscosity needed for liquid friction adaptive to the conditions of the loading interaction of the contacting interfaces of bearings and sliding supports. The coefficients of friction were evaluated by means of modified friction machine with planar parallel scheme of the sample interaction realization. At that the sliding speed of the sample relative to the counter body increased smoothly according to the sinusoidal law from zero up to maximum value. Then it decreased smoothly to the full stop and the movement reversed; contact pressures after working out the given number of cycles increased stepwise from 0.5 to 3.2 MPa. The range of the optimal intensities lain in between 120–150V. An increase in the relative resource of efficiency of the frictional device up to 3 times was found in these conditions.

In mechanical engineering, various types of bearing units are used in moving connections and sliding pairs (sliding bearings, guides, bushings) are sufficiently widely used. This allows increasing the stiffness of the units, reducing their dimensions, improving heat dissipation, etc. But there are higher friction losses, probability in the increases of situations in which there is a jamming of friction surfaces for application of sliding friction pairs compared to the rolling bearings. These problems are even more important for application of sliding bearings in precision equipment, which typically operates under temperature and humidity stabilized conditions. The aim of the work is the development of methodological approaches to the creation and rational design and manufacture of sliding friction pairs based on the composite antifriction materials’ coatings for the application in vertical precision program-controlled electrospindles for high-speed machining. Questions of development and manufacturing of friction units for precision electrospindles with high rigidity on the basis of composite materials are considered. It is shown that acceptable cutting speed (750 m/min or more) for the quality standpoint of processing with a diamond-like tool can be achieved by placing the cutting edge of the tool on diameter of 200 mm. As a result, two tasks solved: the rigidity of the electrospindle for ultra-high accuracy of mechanical blade processing is achieved; high smoothness of work is provided, which allows achieving nanometric surface roughness with a decrease of deviations to 1 µm from the middle surface line. It is extremely important for a number of special applications.