This study investigates the selection agroforestry tree species based on a participatory approach and an ecological approach in Humbang Raya village and Tumbang Mantuhe village. This study method was carried out using a participatory approach through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) activities and an ecological approach through the identification of tree species in open and closed forests. The results of the FGD selected tree species in Humbang Raya village as many as 17 tree species and in Tumbang Mantuhe village as many as five tree species. The results of the identification of tree species in Humbang Raya village in closed forest amounted to 34 tree species, while in open forest there were 10 tree species. In Tumbang Mantuhe village in closed forest there are 29 species of trees and open forest five species of trees. It was concluded that the selected tree species to be planted on agroforestry land in Humbang Raya village and Tumbang Mantuhe village each had 4 tree species.

This research was examine the potential for CO2 absorption and the provision of other ecosystem services of the Dipterocarpaceae-dominated Gunung Bondang Protection Forest in Murung Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan. The study focuses on potential carbon and ecosystem services in the form of CO2 sequestration, O2 production and payments in the form of Carbon creditsin the Gunung Bondang Protected Forest area.The study was conducted non-destructively using the parameters of the diameter and total height of the tree. The results showed the composition of the tree species was dominated by Dipterocarpaceae family, the potential biomass was 624.86 tons/ha, the potential C was 293.68 tons/ha and the potential of environmental services in the form of CO2 absorbed was 1,077.83 tons/ha, the production O2 was 786.81 tons/ha and the carbon credits was US$ 41,788/ha. Moreover, these result show the strong relevance of the Gunung Bondang Protection Forest for climate change mitigation. The protection and restoration of degraded forest parts contribute to the climate mitigation goals set by the Indonesian government, and the issuance of Carbon credits will be an important financial incentive for sustainable forest management and conservation.

A rubber agroforest system is a form of land use that considers ecological and economic aspects that are still maintained by the people of Tumbang Mantuhe Village. This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of vegetation in the agroforest system in Tumbang Mantuhe Village, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan. This research uses purposive sampling and the vegetation analysis method. The results showed that the species of vegetation in the rubber agroforest system amounted to 29 species in 23 families. At the seedling level, it is dominated by Macaranga sp. and Xylopia ferruginea; the sapling level is dominated by H. brasiliensis and Syzygium tawahense; the pole level is dominated by Deplanchea bancana and Xylopia ferruginea; at the tree, the level is dominated by H. brasiliensis and Lithocarpus sp. At the seedling, sapling, pole, and tree levels, the diversity values were moderate and the species richness values were moderate to high, and the species distribution was even (stable). The H. brasiliensis agroforest system with various trees in it is a characteristic of local wisdom that the people of Tumbang Mantuhe Village have applied from generation to generation, which provides a balance between ecology and economy.