Factors That Influence How People Think About the Fairness of Distribution of Wealth and Income: A Survey Study Among Dutch CitizensEver since ancient Greece, people have philosophized and discussed about the fair distribution of resources. A body of empirical research on this topic has emerged in the second half of the 20st century. Oftentimes, respondents are presented with a distribution and asked whether they consider it just. In this paper, respondents are asked to allocate a sum of money across three families that represent distinct allocation principles ‐ we study the principles of equality, need, subjective performance, and objective performance. We find that individuals heavily weigh the need principle in their allocation decisions. However, our research also shows that allocation behavior is on the one hand dependent on the situation and on the other hand associated with individual factors. Political preference and gender do not influence the allocation behaviors of individuals, but religion and age have the hypothesized effects.