No abstract

The glycols are hydrocarbons that have two hydroxyl groups attached to separate carbons in an aliphatic chain or alicyclic ring. They are used as antifreeze agents, cryoprotectants, solvent carriers, chemical intermediates, and vehicles in a number of chemical formulations. They vary from slightly viscous liquids to waxy solids, are soluble in water, alcohols, and ketones, and are insoluble in hydrocarbons. They have low vapor pressures; therefore inhalation of vapors and aerosols is of little concern unless they are heated, agitated, or sprayed. They have little or no odor; thus only their irritancy at high concentrations is a warning property. Because of the irritant properties and the potential for central nervous system (CNS) depression at high concentrations, the threshold limit value (TLV) for glycols is generally set as a ceiling limit. The chemical and physical properties of several of the more common glycols are given.

This paper reports the development of a gas sampling and static reactor system for identifying potentially toxic volatile byproducts from an industrial process and for characterizing their airborne stability at trace levels. The system has been applied in an exemplary manner to the analysis and fate of diborane and phosphine. The heart of the system consists of a static reactor to which pyrolysis products or other reactants can be added from a flow reactor. The static reactor can be resampled at any time. Methods for identifying and quantifying pyrolysis products by chromatography with multiple detectors and mass spectroscopy are included.

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picogram quantities of organic substances were detected in a mass spectrometer by focusing on one characteristic peak (6, 7). Furthermore, it has been found that in the negative ionization mode, at an electron energy of 6 eV at m / e 46, there are no measurable peaks derived from other organic compounds. This is particularly true for substances which could be expected to be found in travelers' baggage-i.e., ethyl alcohol. There is also no measurable contribution at m / e 46 due to the isotope peaks of COz or the NOz peak from air because negative ionization of C 0 2 and NO? results in dissociative electron capture forming an 0-anion (8,9).A proposed TNT detector could be a small mass analyzer of high ion transmission, focused on mje 46, and adjusted for maximum sensitivity at an electron energy of 6 eV. In many (6) V. L. Talrose, G. D. Tantsyrev, and V. I. Gorshkov, J. A n d .