Purpose: Improvement of the differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the of the base of the skull on the basis of X-ray computed tomography data, taking into account clinical and medical data.Material and methods: The results of examination of 24 patients with lesions of the base of the skull were analyzed. Group 1: 15 patients with fibrous dysplasia, directed to examination with a diagnosis of osteoplastic metastases of the base of the skull. Group 2: 9 patients with metastases to the base of the skull. All patients underwent computer tomography and SPECT/CT.Results: Comparison of clinical and radiological symptoms in patients with metastatic lesions of the base of the skull (group 2) and patients with fibrous dysplasia of the base of the skull (group 1) allows us to state that errors in the differential diagnosis of bone metastases and fibrous dysplasia of the base of the skull in a number of cases are associated with a lack of awareness of radiologists.Conclusion: The presented data will help to improve the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the base of the skull.

Background: Cervical cancer occupies one of theleading places in cancer incidence in women. Preservation of residual tumor in  patients with  cervical  cancer  after  completion of combined chemoradiotherapy is a prognostically unfavorable factor. Detection of an early tumor response to chemoradiation therapy is of great importance for choosing the optimal treatment tactics.Purpose: To study  the  possibilities of MRI in assessing the  effectiveness of detecting an  early  tumor response in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer  after combined chemoradiotherapy.Material and methods: The results of magnetic resonance imaging of the  pelvic organs, data  of laboratory, cytological and postoperative histological studies of 174 patients with locally advanced cervical  cancer were analyzed  and compared.MRI of the pelvic organs was performed before  the start  of treatment to assess  the extent  of the process (primary study) and 6 weeks after the completion of combined chemoradiotherapy to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and detect residual tumor (control study).Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic organs using a standard research protocol, including obtaining diffusion-weighted images and dynamic contrast studies, is a highly informative method for staging locally advanced cervical cancer  and assessing the tumor response to treatment.

Aim. To develop a personalized approach for using radiologic and nuclear examination methods diagnostics to improve early diagnosis of bone and brain metastases in patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.Methods. The first group included 1473 patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, who underwent chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography, bone scintigraphy, and chest, abdominal and pelvic X-ray computed tomography with intravenous contrast from 2006 to 2010 for diagnosing remote metastases. The second group included 55 patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, who underwent comprehensive examination of the full skeleton using X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron-emission tomography. The results of brain magnetic resonance imaging in 40 patients (group 3) with peripheral small cell lung cancer with brain metastases were also analyzed.Results.In peripheral non-small cell lung cancer, bone (23.9%) and brain (14%) metastases were the most frequent. The risk for bone metastases was significantly higher in patients with adenocarcinoma (pConclusion. For timely diagnosis of bone metastases, it is reasonable to administer positron-emission tomography with Fludeoxyglucose (18F) to all potentially resectable patients with peripheral small cell lung cancer, which in addition reveals metastases in other body regions. Brain magnetic resonance imaging should be administered if the primary tumor was detected.

The issues of X-ray diagnostics of osteoblastoclastomas have been repeatedly discussed in the literature. The most characteristic radiological symptoms of this one of the most frequent bone tumors are described in detail [i2, 4]. Our long-term observations show that radiologists experience differential diagnostic difficulties in interpreting radiographs of patients with osteoblastoclastoma. The conclusion about the presence of osteoblastoclastoma is often erroneous. This prompted us to focus on the issues of differential diagnosis of osteoblastoclastomas.

We have the results of observations of 6 patients with parostal sarcoma, verified morphologically, which is approximately 5% of all patients with osteosarcomas that we have followed over the past 10 years. All patients were female, 2 of them were 25-26 years old, 4 were 35-40 years old. There is an opinion that older patients, in contrast to those suffering from other osteosarcomas, are characterized by a slower course of parostal sarcoma. At the same time, according to the Oncological Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 17 out of 25 patients with parostal osteosarcoma, the duration of the disease history before the first visit to the doctor was from 1 to 7 months. In patients 25-26 years of age, the duration of the anamnesis of the disease was 6-7 months. Women aged 35-40 years were observed without pronounced clinical complaints from 5 to 7 years.