The inhibition effect of the grape pomace extract during the early stage of steel corrosion under adsorbed thin electrolyte layers was investigated. The present study was carried out to identify the components present in the 2-propanol grape pomace extract by GC-MS analysis. Gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR techniques were used to study the corrosion inhibitive. Polarization measurements have indicated that these green inhibitors acted through mixed type inhibition. SEM studies have evidenced the formation of a protective film over metal surface while FTIR supported by molecular modelling has proved that this shielding effect was caused by aldehydes particularly 2-phenylacetaldehyde and 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal.

Stöber silica particles having diameters of ca. 100 and ca. 200 nm were prepared and silylated using trimethylsilyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate, achieving a range of surface coverage by trimethylsilyl groups by varying the amounts of silylating agent used. The efficacy of silylation was characterized in terms of hydrophobicity of the particles which was assessed by film balance investigations at water−air interfaces and additionally by imaging the long- and short-range structures of silica particulate layers at water−air interfaces and on mica supports by using Brewster-angle and atomic force microscopies.

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