To assess genetic markers able to distinguish between ®ve Greek breeds of horses, the random ampli-®ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used. A total of 40 primers were initially screened in all breeds to identify primers that consistently revealed well-ampli®ed, polymorphic bands. Despite the variability that was found within breeds, no speci®c RAPD marker for the discrimination of the breeds was detected. This is probably due to the extensive cross-breeding that has taken place over the years, resulting in a mixing of breeds. The high phenotypic divergence of the pony of Skyros from all the other Greek breeds of horses could be explained in terms of micro-evolutionary processes, such as natural selection owing to differential ®tness. In addition, to determine the genetic af®nities between breeds, all samples were screened with ®ve primers. These primers produced a total of 93 bands, 51 of which were polymorphic. Data analysis for genetic polymorphism revealed a degree of divergence between breeds. According to the discriminant analysis (DA) classi®cation, 100% of the individuals examined in this study could be classi®ed correctly into their breeds. The results of this study show that RAPDs could be a powerful tool for the classi®cation testing of individual horses, as well as for the determination of the genetic variation found among breeds, which is important for a proper management policy designed to protect this species. Zusammenfassung Vergleich griechischer Pferderassen unter der Verwendung von RAPD-MarkernDurch die Verwendung von RAPD-Markern (random ampli®ed polymorphic DNA) sollte gepru È ft werden, ob genetische Marker dazu geeignet sind, fu È nf griechische Pferderassen zu unterscheiden. Zuna Èchst wurden die verwendeten Rassen mit insgesamt 40 Primern untersucht, um solche Primer zu identi®zieren, die durchweg gut zu ampli®zierende polymorphe Banden zeigten. Trotz der festgestellten Variabilita Èt innerhalb der Rassen, konnte kein spezi®scher RAPD-Marker gefunden werden, der eine Unterscheidung der Rassen ermo È glicht ha Ètte. Dies liegt wahrscheinlich in der ausgedehnten Kreuzungszucht der letzten Jahre begru È ndet, die eine Vermischung der Rassen zur Folge hatte. Die hohe pha Ènotypische Divergenz des Skyros-Ponys von allen anderen griechischen Pferderassen kann durch mikroevolutiona Ère Prozesse, wie natu È rliche Selektion infolge von unterschiedlicher Fitness, erkla Èrt werden. Um genetische Beziehungen zwischen den verwendeten Rassen zu identi®zieren, wurden die Proben noch zusa Ètzlich mit fu È nf Primern untersucht. Diese Primer ergaben insgesamt 93 Banden, von denen 51 polymorph waren. Der Grad der Divergenz innerhalb der Rassen zeigte sich durch die statistische Auswertung der genetischen Polymorphismen. Laut der Klassi®zierung in der Diskriminanzanalyse konnten 100% der in dieser Studie untersuchten Individuen korrekt einer Rasse zugeordnet werden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigten, dass RAPDs zum einen eine wirksame Methode darstellen, um einzelne Pferde zu klassi®zieren, zum ...
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