We have been monitoring the state of the ionosphere since 2015 at Jang Bogo Station (JBS) which is located at Terra Nova Bay in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica (geographic: 74.62°S, 164.22°E/AACGM geomagnetic: 79.9°S, 53.6°W), using an ionospheric sounding system (Ham et al., 2020;Kwon et al., 2018). The radio pulses transmitted from sounding system are reflected at various ionospheric layers below the peak, and the ionospheric electron densities are determined by analyzing the receiving signals from the bottomside ionosphere.It is well known that the ionosphere in the polar region has distinct features by comparing with low-and mid-latitude. Figures 1a and 1b show typical daily variations of the ionospheric electron density during summer and
The polar ionosphere is primarily governed by particle precipitations and magnetospheric electric fields in addition to solar EUV radiation, which leads to significant variations of ionospheric density with local time, season, and solar and geomagnetic activities in association with thermospheric changes in composition, winds and temperature. The climatological features of the polar ionospheric density have been presented by a number of previous studies (e.g.,
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